Table 3.

Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) results.

Items	Group	M (SD)		Lambda de Wilks F	p
		Pre	Post
General Victimization	Exper	0.15 (0.25)	0.12 (0.25)	12.63	≥0.01 *
	Control	0.10 (0.19)	0.10 (0.22)
General Aggression	Exper	0.09 (0.18)	0.06 (0.19)	6.66	0.01 *
	Control	0.06 (0.15)	0.06 (0.16)
Someone said nasty things to me or called me names using Internet, social networks, or WhatsApp.	Exper	0.37 (0.73)	0.33 (0.67)	4.05	0.04 *
	Control	0.26 (0.61)	0.26 (0.62)
Someone said nasty things about me to others using Internet, social networks, or WhatsApp.	Exper	0.29 (0.67)	0.25 (0.60)	5.16	0.02 *
	Control	0.21 (0.56)	0.21 (0.56)
Someone threatened me through texts or online messages.	Exper	0.15 (0.48)	0.13 (0.46)	5.25	0.02 *
	Control	0.09 (0.34)	0.10 (0.41)
Someone hacked into my account and stole personal information (e.g., through email or social networking accounts).	Exper	0.07 (0.31)	0.07 (0.36)	1.17	0.29
	Control	0.05 (26)	0.06 (0.30)
Someone hacked into my account and pretended to be me (e.g., through instant messaging or social networking accounts).	Exper	0.07 (31)	0.07 (0.37)	0.57	0.56
	Control	0.05 (0.23)	0.05 (0.29)
Someone created a fake account, pretending to be me (e.g., through instant messaging or social networking accounts).	Exper	0.06 (0.29)	0.06 (0.31)	0.80	0.36
	Control	0.04 (0.22)	0.05 (0.26)
Someone posted personal information about me online.	Exper	0.08 (0.36)	0.07 (0.32)	0.35	0.55
	Control	0.07 (0.29)	0.06 (0.30)
Someone posted embarrassing videos or pictures of me online.	Exper	0.12 (0.45)	0.09 (0.38)	0.77	0.38
	Control	0.09 (0.38)	0.07 (0.33)
Someone altered pictures or videos of me that I had posted online.	Exper	0.08 (0.33)	0.07 (0.32)	0.52	0.47
	Control	0.06 (0.28)	0.05 (0.27)
I was excluded or ignored by others in a social networking site or Internet.	Exper	0.25 (0.59)	0.16 (0.48)	15.75	≥0.01 *
	Control	0.15 (0.43)	0.13 (0.43)
Someone spread rumors about me on the Internet.	Exper	0.19 (0.52)	0.12 (0.42)	9.42	≥0.01 *
	Control	0.14 (0.43)	0.12 (0.45)
I said nasty things to someone or called them names Internet, social networks, or WhatsApp.	Exper	0.27 (0.61)	0.19 (0.53)	14.66	0.00 *
	Control	0.20 (0.51)	0.19 (0.52)
I said nasty things about someone to other people using Internet, social networks, or WhatsApp.	Exper	0.23 (0.57)	0.17 (0.52)	1.4	0.23
	Control	0.18 (0.49)	0.14 (0.44)
I threatened someone through texts or online messages.	Exper	0.07 (0.34)	0.05 (0.28)	5.87	0.01 *
	Control	0.04 (0.24)	0.05 (0.29)
I hacked into someone’s account and stole personal information (e.g., through email or social networking accounts).	Exper	0.03 (0.24)	0.03 (0.24)	3.76	0.05
	Control	0.01 (0.14)	0.03 (0.25)
I hacked into someone’s account and pretended to be them (e.g., through instant messaging or social networking accounts).	Exper	0.03 (0.25)	0.02 (0.21)	2.2	0.13
	Control	0.02 (0.17)	0.03 (0.23)
I created a fake account, pretending to be someone else (e.g., through instant messaging or social networking accounts).	Exper	0.04 (0.25)	0.05 (0.28)	1.21	0.27
	Control	0.03 (0.21)	0.03 (0.23)
I posted personal information about someone online.	Exper	0.03 (0.21)	0.03 (0.25)	0.01	0.96
	Control	0.02 (0.16)	0.03 (0.19)
I posted embarrassing videos or pictures of someone online.	Exper	0.05 (0.30)	0.04 (0.26)	0.01	0.99
	Control	0.04 (0.24)	0.04 (0.25)
I altered pictures or videos of another person that had been posted online.	Exper	0.05 (0.27)	0.04 (0.24)	0.93	0.33
	Control	0.05 (0.27)	0.04 (0.26)
I excluded or ignored someone in a social networking site or Internet.	Exper	0.19 (0.55)	0.11 (0.42)	7.21	≥0.01 *
	Control	0.11 (0.38)	0.08 (0.33)
I spread rumors about someone on the Internet.	Exper	0.08 (0.37)	0.07 (0.37)	0.10	0.75
	Control	0.06 (0.26)	0.05 (.28)

Notes: * p < 0.05