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. 2019 Feb 10;16(3):492. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16030492

Table 1.

Minimum sample size in SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) according to Hair, Black [41].

Sample Size Criteria
100 participants Research model contains 5 or less latent variables and each latent variable covers at least 3 indicators
150 participants Research model contains 7 or less latent variables and each latent variable covers at least 3 indicators
300 participants Research model contains 7 or less latent variables and some of the latent variables cover less than 3 indicators
500 participants Research model contains more than 7 latent variables and some of the latent variables cover less than 3 indicators