Table 1. Demographic characteristics of all patients before interventions.

	N group (n = 52)	S group (n = 36)	p value
Age (year)	70.0 ± 8.9	68.3 ± 10.4	0.418
Sex (male)	44 (92.3%)	32 (88.9%)	0.571
Prevalence
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia	45 (84.6%)	33 (91.7%)	0.462
DM	39 (75.0%)	31 (86.1%)	0.208
CKD	28 (53.8%)	20 (55.6%)	0.876
Smoking within a month	3 (5.8%)	2 (5.6%)	0.967
Hb (g/dL)	10 (19.2%)	9 (25.0%)	0.523
	13.3 ± 1.7	13.2 ± 1.9	0.833

DM: diabetes mellitus; CKD: chronic kidney disease; Hb: hemoglobin; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease (excluded patients with hemodialysis).