Table 2.
Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with DFU.
| Characteristic | N = 100 | DFU N = 11 (%) | No DFU N = 89 (%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 53.8 ± 13.8 | 54.2 ± 9.2 | 53.8 ± 14.3 | 0.874 |
| Diabetes duration (yrs) | ||||
| <5 | 36 (100) | 4 (11.1) | 32 (88.9) | 0.261 |
| 5-10 | 32 (100) | 3 (9.4) | 29 (90.6) | |
| 11-15 | 16 (100) | 4 (25) | 12 (75) | |
| 16-20 | 11 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (100) | |
| >20 | 5 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (100) | |
| Diabetes treatment | ||||
| Diabetic diet | 14 (100) | 2 (14.3) | 12 (85.7) | 0.120 |
| OHAs | 54 (100) | 4 (7.4) | 50 (92.6) | |
| Insulin | 18 (100) | 1 (5.6) | 17 (94.4) | |
| OHAs and insulin | 14 (100) | 4 (28.6) | 10 (71.4) | |
| Previous foot ulcer | ||||
| Yes | 17 (100) | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) | ≤0.001 |
| No | 83 (100) | 3 (3.6) | 80 (96.4) | |
| Previous amputation | ||||
| Yes | 5 (100) | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | 0.509 |
| No | 95 (100) | 10 (10.5) | 85 (89.5) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Yes | 1 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100) | 0.732 |
| No | 99 (100) | 11 (11.1) | 88 (88.9) | |
| Alcohol intake | ||||
| Yes | 9 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (100) | 0.269 |
| No | 91 (100) | 11 (12.1) | 80 (87.9) | |
| BMI | ||||
| Underweight | 9 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (100) | 0.180 |
| Normal | 28 (100) | 5 (17.9) | 23 (82.1) | |
| Overweight | 40 (100) | 2 (5) | 38 (95) | |
| Obese | 23 (100) | 4 (17.4) | 19 (82.6) | |
| Foot deformity | ||||
| Present | 6 (100) | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 0.002 |
| Absent | 94 (100) | 8 (8.5) | 86 (91.5) | |
| Impaired vision | ||||
| Present | 44 (100) | 8 (18.2) | 36 (81.8) | 0.042 |
| Absent | 56 (100) | 3 (5.4) | 53 (94.6) | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Present | 60 (100) | 6 (10) | 54 (90) | 0.695 |
| Absent | 40 (100) | 5 (12.5) | 35 (87.5) |