Table 5.
Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with DLLA.
| Characteristic | N = 100 | DLLA N = 3 (%) | No DLLA N = 97 (%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 53.8 ± 13.6 | 56.3 ± 8.1 | 53.7 ± 13.9 | 0.643 |
| Diabetes duration | ||||
| <5 | 36 (100) | 1 (2.8) | 35 (97.2) | 0.897 |
| 5-10 | 32 (100) | 1 (3.1) | 31 (96.9) | |
| 11-15 | 16 (100) | 1 (6.2) | 15 (93.8) | |
| 16-20 | 11 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (100) | |
| >20 | 5 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (100) | |
| Diabetes treatment | ||||
| Diabetic diet | 14 (100) | 1 (7.1) | 13 (92.9) | 0.293 |
| OHAs | 54 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 54 (100) | |
| Insulin | 18 (100) | 1 (5.6) | 17 (94.4) | |
| OHAs and insulin | 14 (100) | 1 (7.1) | 13 (92.9) | |
| Previous foot ulcer | ||||
| Yes | 17 (100) | 1 (5.9) | 16 (94.1) | 0.444 |
| No | 83 (100) | 2 (2.4) | 81 (97.6) | |
| Previous amputation | ||||
| Yes | 5 (100) | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | 0.116 |
| No | 95 (100) | 2 (2.1) | 93 (97.9) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Yes | 1 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100) | 0.860 |
| No | 99 (100) | 3 (3) | 97 (97) | |
| Alcohol intake | ||||
| Yes | 9 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (100) | 0.580 |
| No | 91 (100) | 3 (3.3) | 88 (96.7) | |
| BMI | ||||
| Underweight | 9 (100) | 1 (11.1) | 8 (88.9) | 0.328 |
| Normal | 28 (100) | 1 (3.6) | 27 (96.4) | |
| Overweight | 40 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 40 (100) | |
| Obese | 23 (100) | 1 (4.3) | 22 (95.7) | |
| Foot deformity | ||||
| Present | 6 (100) | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | 0.043 |
| Absent | 94 (100) | 2 (2.1) | 92 (97.9) | |
| Impaired vision | ||||
| Present | 14 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (100) | 0.119 |
| Absent | 56 (100) | 3 (5.4) | 53 (94.6) | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Present | 60 (100) | 2 (3.3) | 58 (96.7) | 0.811 |
| Absent | 40 (100) | 1 (2.5) | 39 (97.5) |