Table 4.
Concurrent validity of the joint angles at the point of target achieved (PTA) and the ROM of the selected functional tasks. The mean (SD) peak joint angles and the ROM are presented with the Pearson correlation (r) and the discrepancy (Kinect-Vicon) between the Kinect V2-based markerless system and the Vicon-based system is presented.
| Segment rotations | PTA | ROM | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinect | Vicon | P(K,V) | Bias (K-V) | r | Kinect | Vicon | P(K,V) | Bias (K-V) | r | |
| Shoulder to contralateral shoulder | ||||||||||
| Shoulder F/E | 52.1 (10.3) | 38.1 (6.7) | <0.01 | 14.0 | 0.74 | 51.5 (10.0) | 43.7 (6.9) | <0.01 | 7.8 | 0.98 |
| Shoulder Add/Abd | 5.5 (7.8) | −0.4 (6.3) | <0.01 | 5.9 | 0.89 | 26.2 (5.8) | 14.3 (3.9) | <0.01 | 7.9 | 0.99 |
| Shoulder IR/ER | 63.7 (6.8) | 68.5 (5.7) | <0.01 | −4.8 | 0.89 | 38.7 (11.7) | 66.7 (14.9) | <0.01 | −28 | 0.74 |
| Elbow F/E | 110.9 (8.7) | 125.2 (3.5) | <0.01 | −14.3 | 0.45 | 91.8 (8.3) | 98.2 (6.2) | 0.06 | −6.4 | 0.41 |
| Hand to mouth/drinking | ||||||||||
| Shoulder F/E | 95.6 (19.4) | 57.3 (10.2) | <0.01 | 38.3 | 0.88 | 94.8 (19.4) | 62.3 (12) | <0.01 | 32.5 | 0.91 |
| Shoulder Add/Abd | −8.5 (4.5) | −8.2 (2.5) | 0.67 | −0.3 | 0.85 | 20.4 (9.6) | 14.4 (13.4) | <0.01 | 6.0 | 0.95 |
| Shoulder IR/ER | 47.5 (11.4) | 32.3 (7.3) | <0.01 | 15.2 | 0.93 | 21.7 (9) | 29.2 (10.5) | 0.07 | −7.5 | 0.33 |
| Elbow F/E | 107.1 (9.3) | 129.6 (5.7) | <0.01 | −22.5 | 0.80 | 89.1 (10.1) | 102.3 (6.6) | <0.01 | −13.2 | 0.65 |
| Combing hair | ||||||||||
| Shoulder F/E | 143.5 (14.1) | 102.6 (20.4) | <0.01 | 40.9 | −0.20 | 140 (22.7) | 106 (15.6) | <0.01 | 34.0 | 0.20 |
| Shoulder Add/Abd | −53.7 (7.6) | −54.7 (7.2) | 0.40 | 1.0 | 0.89 | 42.2 (6.4) | 46.9 (5.6) | 0.02 | −4.7 | 0.65 |
| Shoulder IR/ER | 49.4 (11.2) | 25.3 (10.2) | <0.01 | 24.1 | 0.72 | 55.6 (16.9) | 42.8 (10.9) | <0.01 | 12.8 | 0.77 |
| Elbow F/E | 113.6 (3.4) | 139.6 (14.1) | <0.01 | −26 | 0.21 | 91.1 (7.7) | 110.9 (13.7) | <0.01 | −19.8 | 0.05 |
| Hand to back pocket | ||||||||||
| Shoulder F/E | −41.8 (6.2) | −42.9 (6.1) | 0.47 | 1.1 | 0.73 | 43.4 (6.7) | 38.7 (6.1) | <0.01 | 4.7 | 0.91 |
| Shoulder Add/Abd | −33 (10.3) | −25.5 (7.6) | <0.01 | −7.5 | 0.97 | 22.9 (9.6) | 16.7 (7.6) | <0.01 | 6.2 | 0.96 |
| Shoulder IR/ER | 42.3 (9.6) | 37.7 (5.7) | 0.02 | 4.6 | 0.46 | 18.6 (7.9) | 23.3 (5) | 0.16 | −4.7 | −0.10 |
| Elbow F/E | 73.7 (21.3) | 81.2 (13.2) | 0.03 | −7.5 | 0.94 | 51.8 (25) | 52.1 (18.1) | 0.91 | −0.3 | 0.97 |
Note: max and min are the maximum and minimum joint angles, respectively. ROM: corresponding range of motion. Shoulder F/E, shoulder Add/Abd, shoulder IR/ER, and elbow F/E represent joint angles of shoulder flexion/extension, shoulder adduction/abduction, shoulder internal/external rotation and elbow flexion, respectively; K-V is the bias between the Kinect V2 and Vicon systems.