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. 2019 Jan 29;16(3):383. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16030383

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Results from prospective studies investigating respiratory disease mortality in relation to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration: (a) comparing low versus high concentrations categorically; (b) continuously, for a decrement in 25(OH)D concentration; (c) low (black) and high (blue) concentrations compared with levels in the middle of the 25(OH)D distribution. The squares represent hazard ratios and horizontal lines are the 95% confidence intervals. ^ Relative risk was estimated in the Whitehall study. Axes are scaled differently in each panel to maximize the visualization of effect estimates.

Results from prospective studies investigating respiratory disease mortality in relation to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration: (a) comparing low versus high concentrations categorically; (b) continuously, for a decrement in 25(OH)D concentration; (c) low (black) and high (blue) concentrations compared with levels in the middle of the 25(OH)D distribution. The squares represent hazard ratios and horizontal lines are the 95% confidence intervals. ^ Relative risk was estimated in the Whitehall study. Axes are scaled differently in each panel to maximize the visualization of effect estimates.