Table 2.

Factors Associated With Detectable VL or Amount of VL in Adjusted Models Among Patients Receiving ART^*

Covariate	Joint Longitudinal and Survival Model†		Linear Mixed Model‡
	OR (95% CI)	P Value	Relative VL (95% CI)	P Value
Integrase strand transfer inhibitor use	0.54 (0.51–0.57)	<0.001	0.71 (0.69–0.74)	<0.001
Female	1.01 (0.93–1.08)	0.89	0.98 (0.92–1.05)	0.64
Age (per decade, centered at 40 y)	0.76 (0.74–0.78)	<0.001	0.83 (0.81–0.85)	<0.001
Race/ethnicity (reference is white race)
Black	1.68 (1.57–1.80)	<0.001	1.60 (1.51–1.70)	<0.001
Hispanic	0.81 (0.74–0.90)	<0.001	0.89 (0.82–0.96)	0.003
Other	0.83 (0.73–0.96)	0.009	0.90 (0.80–1.00)	0.053
Calendar time (year of cohort entry, centered around 2010)	0.83 (0.83–0.84)	<0.001	0.84 (0.83–0.84)	<0.001
Years of follow-up	0.79 (0.79–0.80)	<0.001	0.74 (0.74–0.75)	<0.001

ART = antiretroviral therapy; OR = odds ratio; VL = viral load.

^*Also adjusted for site.

^† Outcome is detectable VL (>400 copies/mL). The survival model component is included in Appendix Table 7 (available at Annals.org).

^‡Outcome is VL in log₁₀ copies/mL.