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Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by TEMPO and its derivatives in MLA. Cells were treated with various concentrations (0.1–10 mM) of 4 nitroxides for 4 h in the presence or absence of metabolic activation S9. (A) TEMPO (data from Guo et al., 2013); (B) 4-hydroxy-TEMPO; (C) 4-oxo-TEMPO; (D) 4-methoxy-TEMPO. The data points represent the mean ± SD from 3 independent experiments. * indicates positive response in the MLA, exceeding the GEF of 126 × 10−6.
