Table III.
Association between smoking status and the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines.
| Controls | GC patients | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokines | No (n=77) | Yes (n=20) | No (n=70) | Yes (n=70) | OR (95% CI)-non-smokers (GC patients vs. controls) | OR (95% CI)-GC patients (smokers) vs. the baseline |
| GM-CSF | 0.079 (0.039,0.151) | 0.074 (0.038,0.179) | 0.145 (0.070,0.197) | 0.114 (0.063,0.192) | 0.817 (0.349,1.914) | 1.082 (0.798,1.467) |
| IL-1α | 0.270 (0.000,0.826) | 0.480 (0.013,1.994) | 0.080 (0.000,0.848) | 0.041 (0.000,0.793) | 0.917 (0.832,1.010) | 0.975(0.910,1.044) |
| IL-5 | 0.393 (0.109,0.622) | 0.301 (0.119,0.804) | 0.230 (0.000,0.696) | 0.157 (0.000,0.662) | 1.053 (0.722,1.536) | 0.794 (0.499,1.265) |
| IL-7 | 15.290 (10.408,18.481) | 14.236 (11.265,18.344) | 11.167 (8.481,15.949) | 12.896 (8.443,18.143) | 0.952 (0.905,1.001) | 0.970 (0.924,1.019) |
| IL-12/IL-23P40 | 126.339 (89.531,157.132) | 103.891 (62.821,171.490) | 160.945 (128.571,221.198) | 148.930 (108.040,217.482) | 1.010 (1.004,1.016) | 1.008 (1.003,1.014) |
| IL-15 | 2.327 (1.943,2.699) | 2.776 (2.110,2.937) | 2.615 (2.181,2.995) | 2.479 (2.164,2.954) | 2.315 (1.248,4.294) | 1.725 (1.026,2.900) |
| IL-16 | 199.287 (154.254,274.760) | 208.238 (145.699,283.331) | 188.701 (123.758,281.701) | 194.097 (140.269,285.028) | 1.001 (0.999,1.002) | 1.001 (0.999,1.002) |
| IL-17α | 1.951 (1.276,2.997) | 1.729 (1.467,3.124) | 3.426 (2.182,5.111) | 3.071 (1.942,4.637) | 1.033 (0.972,1.098) | 1.020 (0.963,1.081) |
| TNF-β | 0.242 (0.164,0.306) | 0.200 (0.155,0.251) | 0.190 (0.144,0.237) | 0.171 (0.130,0.209) | 0.883 (0.250,3.113) | 0.019 (0.000,0.897) |
| VEGF | 154.215 (103.360,237.850) | 165.305 (77.499,217.897) | 109.989 (83.053,173.177) | 121.950 (73.668,218.349) | 0.997 (0.993,1.000) | 1.000 (0.998,1.003) |
| IFN-γ | 5.411 (3.764,7.821) | 6.157 (4.375,12.166) | 8.412 (5.367,11.384) | 6.864 (4.916,10.973) | 1.021 (0.991,1.053) | 1.008 (0.982,1.035) |
| IL-1β | 0.000 (0.000,0.234) | 0.125 (0.000,0.391) | 0.049 (0.000,0.669) | 0.287 (0.000,1.096) | 1.025 (0.959,1.096) | 1.027 (0.974,1.084) |
| IL-2 | 0.185 (0.082,0.325) | 0.163 (0.067,0.387) | 0.270 (0.178,0.421) | 0.310 (0.193,0.491) | 1.076 (0.510,2.269) | 1.573 (0.816,3.035) |
| IL-4 | 0.008 (0.002,0.017) | 0.014 (0.003,0.023) | 0.004 (0.000,0.014) | 0.009 (0.000,0.027) | 0.009 (0.000,892.765) | 116.698 (0.210,648.700) |
| IL-6 | 0.715 (0.486,1.267) | 1.273 (0.649,2.887) | 1.536 (0.777,2.617) | 2.101 (1.093,4.540) | 0.992 (0.973,1.011) | 0.999 (0.989,1.010) |
| IL-8 | 42.029 (23.413,112.473) | 39.427 (24.676,119.337) | 97.881 (45.066,196.226) | 126.276 (49.676,309.299) | 1.000 (1.000,1.001) | 1.000 (1.000,1.001) |
| IL-10 | 0.353 (0.260,0.523) | 0.385 (0.254,0.508) | 0.574 (0.357,0.825) | 0.563 (0.379,0.928) | 2.376 (0.952,5.930) | 1.993 (0.964,4.119) |
| IL-12p70 | 0.107 (0.038,0.162) | 0.115 (0.040,0.234) | 0.205 (0.077,0.355) | 0.176 (0.104,0.384) | 2.104 (0.826,5.360) | 1.735 (0.745,4.043) |
| IL-13 | 0.769 (0.163,1.681) | 0.631 (0.102,1.537) | 0.820 (0.341,1.344) | 0.937 (0.339,1.453) | 1.000 (0.767,1.304) | 1.108 (0.892,1.378) |
| TNF-α | 3.125 (2.475,3.866) | 3.342 (2.632,4.242) | 4.215 (3.212,5.634 | 4.426 (3.428,6.503) | 1.022 (0.964,1.083) | 1.026 (0.972,1.083) |
The serum concentration of inflammatory cytokines is presented as the Median (P25, P75) pg/ml. All ORs are adjusted for age and sex. GC, gastric cancer; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL-, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; IFN-γ, interferon-γ.