Table 1.
Participant baseline characteristics: RCT of a 12-week Kirtan Kriya meditation (KK) versus a 12-week music listening (ML) program in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (N = 53)
| Overall (N = 53) |
KK (n = 25) |
ML (n = 28) |
p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Age (range 50–84 y) | |||||||
| Mean ± SE | 60.47 ± 1.17 | 60.71 ± 1.38 | 60.20 ± 1.63 | 0.81 | |||
| Female Gender | 46 | 86.79% | 23 | 92.00% | 23 | 82.14% | 0.29 |
| Race/Ethnicity: Non-Hispanic White | 50 | 94.34% | 23 | 92.00% | 27 | 96.43% | 0.49 |
| Education ≥ 12 y | 43 | 81.13% | 22 | 88.00% | 21 | 75.00% | 0.23 |
| Employment status | 0.47 | ||||||
| Employed full or part time | 40 | 75.47% | 21 | 84.00% | 19 | 76.00% | |
| Retired/Homemaker/Other | 13 | 24.53% | 4 | 16.00% | 9 | 36.00% | |
| Marital status | 0.37 | ||||||
| Married/co-habiting | 34 | 64.15% | 16 | 64.00% | 18 | 64.29% | |
| Divorced/widowed/separated/single | 19 | 35.85% | 9 | 36.00% | 10 | 35.71% | |
| Lifestyle and health-related factors | |||||||
| Smoking status: Ever smoked | 20 | 37.74% | 11 | 44.00% | 9 | 32.14% | 0.37 |
| Caffeinated beverage consumption | |||||||
| Mean oz consumed/day ± SE | 22.83 ± 2.40 | 24.31 ± 3.39 | 21.52 ± 3.42 | 0.57 | |||
| Physical activity | 0.81 | ||||||
| None | 14 | 26.42% | 7 | 28.00% | 7 | 25.00% | |
| Mean minutes/week ± SE | 117.28 ± 16.25 | 112.70 ± 18.47 | 121.37 ± 26.29 | 0.79 | |||
| Body mass index (BMI) | |||||||
| Obese (BMI ≥30) | 24 | 45.28% | 8 | 32.00% | 16 | 57.14% | 0.07 |
| Mean ± SE | 29.74 ± 1.05 | 28.74 ± 1.34 | 30.63 ± 1.58 | 0.37 | |||
| History of diagnosed: | |||||||
| Diabetes | 9 | 16.98% | 4 | 16.00% | 5 | 17.86% | 0.85 |
| Hypertension | 17 | 32.08% | 7 | 28.00% | 10 | 35.71% | 0.35 |
| High cholesterol | 31 | 58.49% | 17 | 68.00% | 14 | 50.00% | 0.18 |
| Depression | 18 | 33.96% | 10 | 40.00% | 8 | 28.57% | 0.38 |
| Anxiety | 16 | 30.19% | 8 | 32.00% | 8 | 28.57% | 0.78 |
| Number of cardiometabolic AD risk factors* | |||||||
| Mean ± SE | 1.81 ± 0.17 | 1.76 ± 0.27 | 1.86 ± 0.23 | 0.78 | |||
| Total number of major modifiable risk factors for AD** | |||||||
| Mean ± SE | 2.77 ± 0.20 | 2.72 ± 0.32 | 2.82 ± 0.25 | 0.80 | |||
| Number of medications (regular use)‡ | 0.67 | ||||||
| None | 29 | 54.72% | 14 | 56.00% | 15 | 53.57% | |
| One | 13 | 24.53% | 5 | 20.00% | 8 | 28.57% | |
| Two or more | 11 | 20.75% | 6 | 24.00% | 5 | 17.86% | |
| History of hormone replacement therapy‡‡ | 17 | 33.33% | 6 | 23.08% | 11 | 44.00% | 0.13 |
*
Including diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity (BMI ≥ 30), cardiovascular disease.
**
Also including history of depression or anxiety disorder, current smoking, and lack of physical activity.
‡
Including those commonly linked to memory changes: Statins, narcotic analgesics, steroids, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, antihistamines, anticonvulsants, tricyclic and other non-SSRI/SNRI antidepressants.
‡‡
Percentages calculated in women only.