Table 2.

Participant average duration of memory concerns and mean baseline scores on memory and cognitive function tests, and on sleep, stress, mood, well-being, and quality of life questionnaires, stratified by group (Kirtan Kriya meditation (KK) and music listening (ML))

	KK (n = 25) Mean (SE)	ML (n = 28) Mean (SE)	p
Biomarkers
Telomere length (absolute mean, kb)	12.53 (1.28)	14.38 (2.61)	0.54
Telomerase activity (TSR8 copies)	5020.80 (2419.27)	1406.69 (856.45)	0.11
Plasma Aβ (pg/ml)
Aβ38	157.66 (75.9)	94.03 (31.39)	0.33
Aβ40	231.07 (32.83)	215.60 (10.30)	0.63
Aβ42	30.39 (9.73)	16.76 (2.17)	0.19
Ratio Aβ42/Aβ40	0.10 (0.01)	0.08 (0.01)	0.14
Cognitive Function
Memory Functioning Questionnaire
Total	238.28 (11.92)	248.79 (10.58)	0.31
Frequency of Forgetfulness	138.32 (5.43)	146.86 (5.54)	0.32
Seriousness of Forgetting	64.00 (4.44)	74.75 (4.56)	0.12
Retrospective Memory Functioning	11.80 (0.72)	11.54 (0.63)	0.78
Mnemonic Use	24.16 (2.13)	21.64 (1.82)	0.37
Digit Symbol Substitution Test	51.32 (1.86)	49.50 (1.89)	0.50
Trail-making Test (TMT)
TMT-A	33.83 (1.25)	34.61 (2.30)	0.78
TMT-B	82.92 (7.40)	90.57 (7.41)	0.41
Months Experiencing Memory Problems (range 5 to 180 months, median = 24 months)	36.52 ± 7.57	32.77 ± 4.41	0.66
Perceived Stress and Sleep Quality
Perceived Stress Scale	17.80 (1.35)	14.93 (1.33)	0.14
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Total	9.13 (0.52)	8.79 (0.60)	0.68
Mood and Well-being
Profile of Mood States (Total)	34.60 (5.90)	22.07 (5.68)	0.10
Psychological Well-being Scale	76.64 (2.23)	82.04 (2.24)	0.11
Health related Quality of Life (SF-36)
Mental Health Component Score	65.25 (3.62)	69.46 (3.66)	0.42
Physical Health Component Score	71.48 (3.92)	67.92 (3.99)	0.53