Table 2.
Comparison of infection prevalences among 810 participants, stratified by control and intervention communities during baseline and follow-up surveys. Logistic regressions were used to derive odds ratios for comparison of prevalences of control and intervention communities at baseline and follow-up. The prevalence reduction was calculated as baseline prevalence minus follow-up prevalence for control and intervention communities separately
| Parasite | Group | Baseline prevalence (%) | OR (95% CI) | P-value | Follow-up prevalence (%) | OR (95% CI) | P-value | Prevalence reduction (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schistosoma spp. | Control | 15.58 | 1 | 5.71 | 1 | 9.87* | ||
| Intervention | 0.94 | 0.05 (0.02–0.14) | < 0.001 | 1.41 | 0.24 (0.10–0.59) | 0.002 | -0.47 | |
| Schistosoma mansoni | Control | 1.04 | 1 | 1.04 | 1 | 0.00 | ||
| Intervention | 0.94 | 0.90 (0.22–3.64) | 0.888 | 0.71 | 0.68 (0.15–3.04) | 0.611 | 0.23 | |
| Schistosoma haematobium | Control | 14.81 | na | 4.68 | 1 | 10.13* | ||
| Intervention | 0 | na | 0.71 | 0.15 (0.04–0.50) | 0.002 | -0.71 | ||
| Soil-transmitted helminths | Control | 25.71 | 1 | 7.01 | 1 | 18.70* | ||
| Intervention | 37.97 | 1.77 (1.32–2.40) | < 0.001 | 11.76 | 1.77 (1.08–2.89) | 0.023 | 26.21* | |
| Hookworm | Control | 25.19 | 1 | 7.01 | 1 | 18.18* | ||
| Intervention | 36.47 | 1.70 (1.26–2.31) | 0.001 | 10.59 | 1.57 (0.95–2.58) | 0.076 | 25.88* | |
| Ascaris lumbricoides | Control | 0 | na | 0 | na | 0.00 | ||
| Intervention | 0.71 | na | 0.24 | na | 0.47 | |||
| Trichuris trichiura | Control | 1.30 | 1 | 0 | na | 1.30* | ||
| Intervention | 2.59 | 2.02 (0.70–5.87) | 0.196 | 1.41 | na | 1.18 | ||
| Intestinal helminthsa | Control | 26.23 | 1 | 7.79 | 1 | 18.44* | ||
| Intervention | 38.44 | 1.77 (1.31–2.38) | < 0.001 | 12.47 | 1.69 (1.05–2.70) | 0.030 | 25.97* | |
| Intestinal protozoa | Control | 72.99 | 1 | 70.39 | 1 | 2.60 | ||
| Intervention | 72.00 | 0.95 (0.70–1.30) | 0.753 | 63.76 | 0.74 (0.55–0.99) | 0.046 | 8.24* | |
| Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar | Control | 9.87 | 1 | 9.61 | 1 | 0.26 | ||
| Intervention | 17.65 | 1.96 (1.29–2.97) | 0.002 | 10.59 | 1.11 (0.70–1.76) | 0.645 | 7.06* | |
| Entamoeba coli | Control | 44.16 | 1 | 40.52 | 1 | 3.64 | ||
| Intervention | 40.47 | 0.86 (0.65–1.14) | 0.289 | 39.53 | 0.96 (0.72–1.27) | 0.774 | 0.94 | |
| Entamoeba harmanni | Control | 1.30 | 1 | 4.94 | 1 | -3.64* | ||
| Intervention | 1.65 | 1.27 (0.40–4.04) | 0.683 | 1.18 | 0.23 (0.05–0.62) | 0.004 | 0.47 | |
| Endolimax nana | Control | 26.23 | 1 | 29.61 | 1 | -3.38 | ||
| Intervention | 29.65 | 1.18 (0.87–1.61) | 0.280 | 24.00 | 0.75 (0.55–1.02) | 0.072 | 5.65 | |
| Iodamoeba bütschlii | Control | 15.58 | 1 | 8.05 | 1 | 7.53* | ||
| Intervention | 18.35 | 1.22 (0.84–1.76) | 0.296 | 7.76 | 0.96 (0.58–1.60) | 0.880 | 10.59* | |
| Giardia intestinalis | Control | 16.36 | 1 | 14.03 | 1 | 2.33 | ||
| Intervention | 16.94 | 1.04 (0.72–1.51) | 0.826 | 12.24 | 0.86 (0.57–1.29) | 0.451 | 4.70* | |
| Chilomastix mesnili | Control | 4.42 | 1 | 4.94 | 1 | -0.52 | ||
| Intervention | 5.18 | 1.18 (0.62–2.26) | 0.614 | 5.18 | 1.05 (0.56–1.97) | 0.876 | 0.00 | |
| Blastocystis sp. | Control | 34.03 | 1 | 29.09 | 1 | 4.94 | ||
| Intervention | 35.53 | 1.07 (0.80–1.43) | 0.654 | 23.53 | 0.75 (0.55–1.03) | 0.073 | 12.0* |
Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, na not applicable
aIncludes soil-transmitted helminth and S. mansoni infections
*Significant change between 2011 and 2012 according to McNemar’s test (P < 0.05)