Table 1.
Heritability and number of records used in the association and validation analyses
| Trait | Heritabilitya | Number of records in the training populationb | Number of records in validation populationc |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calving performance | |||
| Calving ability, CAd | 0.300 | 4525 | – |
| Daughter calving ability, DCAe | 0.060 | 3892 | 726 |
| Maternal calving ease at first calving (heifer), CEh | 0.121 | 3908 | 726 |
| Maternal calf survival at first calving (heifer), CSh | 0.056 | 3873 | 726 |
| Maternal calving ease at later calvings (cow), CEc | 0.084 | 3879 | 726 |
| Maternal calf survival at later calvings (cow), CSc | 0.023 | 3530 | 725 |
| Direct calving ease at first calving (heifer), SCEh | 0.017 | 4523 | – |
| Direct calf survival at first calving (heifer), SCSh | 0.004 | 4361 | – |
| Direct calving ease at later calvings (cow), SCEc | 0.016 | 4516 | – |
| Direct calf survival at later calvings (cow), SCSc | 0.003 | 4315 | – |
| Rump | |||
| Rump, RUM | 0.233 | 3573 | 927 |
| Pin width, PW | 0.340 | 3584 | 927 |
| Pin setting, PS | 0.087 | 3533 | 947 |
| Rump angle, RAN | 0.365 | 3573 | 927 |
| Loin strength, LS | 0.251 | 3576 | 947 |
| Body traits | |||
| Dairy strength, DS | 0.359 | 3584 | 927 |
| Stature, ST | 0.529 | 3589 | 927 |
| Height at front end, FE | 0.259 | 3577 | 947 |
| Chest width, CW | 0.218 | 3582 | 927 |
| Body depth, BD | 0.320 | 3582 | 927 |
| Angularity, ANG | 0.257 | 3582 | 927 |
| Feet and legs | |||
| Feet and legs, FL | 0.152 | 3572 | 927 |
| Foot angle, FAN | 0.109 | 3582 | 927 |
| Heel depth, HD | 0.076 | 3486 | 947 |
| Bone quality, BQ | 0.300 | 3584 | 947 |
| Leg side view, LSV | 0.244 | 3577 | 927 |
| Set of rear legs, SRL | 0.050 | 3564 | 947 |
| Leg rear view, LRV | 0.125 | 3555 | 927 |
| Udder | |||
| Mammary system, MS | 0.247 | 3587 | 927 |
| Udder depth, UD | 0.415 | 3577 | 927 |
| Udder texture, UT | 0.141 | 3588 | 947 |
| Median suspensory ligament, MSL | 0.140 | 3581 | 927 |
| Fore udder attachment, FA | 0.282 | 3587 | 927 |
| Front teat placement, FTP | 0.313 | 3584 | 927 |
| Rear attachment height, RAH | 0.234 | 3585 | 927 |
| Rear attachment width, RAW | 0.200 | 3579 | 947 |
| Rear teat placement, RTP | 0.294 | 3580 | 927 |
| Teat length, TL | 0.293 | 3581 | 927 |
| Overall conformation score, CONF | 0.261 | 3586 | 927 |
aHeritability = heritability estimates were provided by Canadian Dairy Network
bNumber of bulls in the training population with de-regressed EBV and used in the association analysis
cNumber of bulls in the validation population
dCA = calving ability index = 0.64 SCEh + 0.16 SCEc + 0.16 SCSh + 0.04 SCSc
eDCA = daughter calving ability index = 0.36 CSh + 0.24 CSc + 0.24 CEh + 0.16 CEc