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. 2018 Feb 26;17:32. doi: 10.1186/s12934-018-0881-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Yeast surface display setup as pioneered by Boder and Wittrup in 1997 [1]. The protein of interest (a vNAR domain in this particular depiction) is fused to the C-terminus of the Aga2p protein. Aga2p is covalently linked to Aga1p via two disulfide bonds. Aga1p anchors the fusion protein to the cell wall, ensuring a genotype–phenotype coupling of individual yeast cells. The vNAR structure has been modified from pdb identifier 4GHK using UCSF Chimera [133]