Table 2.

Multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality according to the DII tertile categories in the Overweight and Obese participants in NHANES III follow up study, 1988–1994, followed up for death until December 31, 2011.

	DII Tertile 1	DII Tertile 2	DII Tertile 3	P trend	HR for a 1 SD increase in DII
No. of participants	1244	1245	1244
No. of person years	21805	21401	21210
Deaths from all causes, n	261	293	314
	1.00 (ref.)	1.18(0.98–1.43)	1.18(0.90–1.55)	0.22	1.03(0.94–1.13)
CVD Deaths, n	73	81	98
	1.00 (ref.)	2.02(1.50–2.71)	2.50(1.60–3.91)	<0.001	1.32(1.10–1.58)
* Cancer Deaths, n	67	73	69
	1.00 (ref.)	1.09(0.71–1.67)	0.94(0.57–1.53)	0.79	0.94(0.77–1.16)

Data are presented as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval).

Abbreviations: DII, dietary inflammatory index; CVD, cardiovascular disease.

Multivariable adjusted hazard ratio is adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity(non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, or others), educational attainment(<12 years, 12 years, or >12 years of education), income[low (poverty income ratio (PIR) ≤ 1.3), middle (1.3<PIR ≤ 3.5), and high (PIR>3.5)], smoking status(never, former, and current), level of physical activity(inactive, insufficient activity, recommended activity), and body mass index.

^*Those who had a history of skin cancer were additionally excluded.