Table 1. Number and Type of Subjects and Fixation Device of Included Studies.
| Study | Type | Number (subgroup number) | Comparison | DHS | Screw | Other device |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baitner (1999)14) | Cadaver | 8 Pairs (8/8) | DHS vs. inverted triangular 3 screws | 135° 4-Hole DHS (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN, USA) | 3 Inverted triangular 6.5-mm cannulated screws (smith & nephew) | - |
| Windolf (2009)15) | Cadaver | 10 Pairs (10/10) | DHS-blade vs. DHS | 135° 4-Hole DHS-blade or 135° 4-hole DHS (Synthes Inc., Bettlach, Switzerland) | - | - |
| Rupprecht (2011)16) | Cadaver | 32 (8/8/8/8) | Intertan nail vs. DHS, additional bone defect or not | 125° 2-Hole DHS (Synthes, West Chester, PA, USA) | - | Intertan nail (Smith & Nephew) |
| Rupprecht (2011)17) | Cadaver | 12 Pairs (8/8/8) | Intertan nail vs. DHS vs. inverted triangular 3 screws | 125° 2-Hole DHS (Synthes) | 3 Inverted triangular 7.3-mm cannulated screws (Synthes) | Intertan nail (Smith & Nephew) |
| Hawks (2013)4) | Cadaver | 9 Pairs (9/9) | Inverted triangular 3 screws vs. trochanteric transverse screw technique | - | 1 Calcar transverse 4.5-mm full threaded screw + 2 parallel 7.3-mm screws or 3 inverted triangular 7.3-mm cannulated screws (Synthes, Paoli, PA, USA) | - |
| Stoffel (2017)7) | Cadaver | 20 (5/5/5/5) | DHS-blade + 1 screw vs. DHS + 1 screw vs. FNS vs. inverted triangular 3 screws | 130° 2-Hole DHS or 130° 2-hole DHS-blade + additional 1 6.5-mm cancellous screw (DePuy Synthes, Zuchwil, Switzerland) | 3 Inverted triangular 7.3-mm cannulated screws (DePuy Synthes) | FNS (1-hole 130° side plate; DePuy Synthes) |
| Aminian (2007)18) | Cadaver | (8/8/8/8) | DHS vs. dynamic condylar screw vs. PFLP vs. inverted triangular 3 screws | 135° 4-Hole DHS (Synthes) | 3 Inverted triangular 7.3-mm cannulated screws (Synthes) | 95° 6-Hole dynamic condylar screw (Synthes) or PFLP (Synthes) |
| Samsami (2015)11) | Cadaver finite element | 3 | DHS + 1 screw vs. inverted triangular 3 screws vs. PFLP | 135° 3-Hole DHS + additional 1 7.3-mm cancellous screw (Pooyandegan Pezeshki Pardis, Teheran, Iran) | 3 Inverted triangular 7.3-mm cannulated screws (Pooyandegan Pezeshki Pardis) | PFLP (Synthes) |
| Nowotarski (2012)19) | Third generation femur sawbone (Pacific Research Laboratories, Vashon, WA, USA) | 40 (10/10/10/10) | DHS + 1 screw vs. inverted triangular 3 screws vs. trochanteric transverse screw technique vs. FNLP | 135° 2-Hole DHS + additional 1 6.5- mm cancellous screw (Smith & Nephew) | 3 Inverted triangular 6.5-mm cannulated screws (smith & nephew) or 1 calcar transverse 4.5-mm full threaded screw + 2 parallel 6.5-mm screws | FNLP (Smith & Nephew) |
| Gumustas (2014)6) | Third generation femur sawbone (FMR-01 new third generation composite left femur; Selbones Research Lab., Kayseri, Turkey) | 28 (7/7/7/7) | Inverted triangular 3 screws + 1 transverse screw vs. trochanteric transverse screw technique vs. inverted triangular 3 screws | - | 3 Inverted triangular 6.5-mm cannulated screws + 1 calcar transverse 6.5-mm screw or 1 calcar transverse 6.5-mm partially threaded screw + 2 parallel 6.5-mm cannulated screws or 3 inverted triangular 6.5-mm cannulated screws (TST Ortopedi, Pendik, Turkey) | - |
| Kunapuli (2015)20) | Fourth generation femur sawbone (Pacific Research Laboratories) | 40 (10/10/10/10) | Inverted triangular 3 screws vs. DHS vs. each plate augmentation | 135° 4-Hole DHS or 135° 4-hole DHS + 6-hole 2.7-mm locking plate (Synthes) | 3 Inverted triangular 7.3-mm cannulated screws or 3 inverted triangular 7.3-mm cannulated screws + 6-hole 2.7-mm locking plate | - |
| Kuan (2016)9) | Fourth generation femur sawbone (Pacific Research Laboratories) | 16 (8/8) | Inverted triangular 3 screws vs. inverted triangular 3 screws + wire augmentation | - | 3 Inverted triangular 6.5-mm cannulated screws or 3 inverted triangular 6.5-mm cannulated screws (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) + washer + wire augmentation | - |
| Johnson (2017)10) | Fourth generation femur sawbone (Pacific Research Laboratories) | 30 (10/10/10) | DHS + 1 screw vs. trochanteric transverse screw technique vs. inverted triangular 3 screws | 130° 2-Hole DHS (Omega 3; Stryker, Mahwah, NJ, USA) + additional 1 6.5-mm cancellous screw | 3 Inverted triangular 6.5-mm cannulated screws (Asnis III; Stryker or 1 calcar transverse 6.5-mm partially threaded screw + 2 parallel 6.5-mm screws | - |
| Knobe (2018)12) | Fourth generation femur sawbone | 18 (6/6/6) | DHS vs. DHS-blade vs. RoSA | 135° 4-Hole DHS or 135° 4-hole DHS-blade (DePuy Synthes) | - | RoSA fixation (3-hole 136° side plate; Koenigsee Implants, Allendorf, Germany) |
| Noda (2015)8) | Finite element model | 3 | Hansson pins | - | Hansson pin (Stryker Osteosynthesis, Selzach, Switzerland) |
DHS: dynamic hip screw, FNS: femoral neck system, PFLP: proximal femoral locking plate, FNLP: femoral neck locking plate, RoSA: rotationally stable screw-anchor.