Table 2.
Motor and non-motor symptoms of all PD patients and patients with and without EDS.
| Variable | Total | With EDS | Without EDS | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 1,221 | n = 416 | n = 805 | ||
| Initial presentation of motor symptoms, n (%)a | – | – | – | 0.199 |
| Tremor | 535 (43.8%) | 167 (40.1%) | 368 (45.7%) | – |
| Bradykinesia | 438 (35.9%) | 160 (38.5%) | 278 (34.5%) | – |
| Tremor and bradykinesia | 238 (19.5%) | 87 (20.9%) | 151 (18.8%) | – |
| Other | 10 (0.8%) | 2 (0.5%) | 8 (1.0%) | – |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage, n (%)a | – | – | – | < 0.001* |
| 1 | 178 (14.6%) | 45 (10.8%) | 133 (16.5%) | – |
| 1.5 | 161 (13.2%) | 41 (9.9%) | 120 (14.9%) | – |
| 2 | 268 (21.9%) | 78 (18.8%) | 190 (23.6%) | – |
| 2.5 | 231 (18.9%) | 88 (21.2%) | 143 (17.8%) | – |
| 3 | 314 (25.7%) | 124 (29.8%) | 190 (23.6%) | – |
| 4 | 53 (4.3%) | 32 (7.7%) | 21 (2.6%) | – |
| 5 | 16 (1.3%) | 8 (1.9%) | 8 (1.0%%) | – |
| UPDRS part Ib | 2.6 ± 2.0 | 3.0 ± 2.1 | 2.3 ± 1.9 | < 0.001* |
| UPDRS part IIb | 12.4 ± 6.3 | 14.4 ± 6.7 | 11.4 ± 5.9 | < 0.001* |
| UPDRS part IIIb | 29.3 ± 14.7 | 32.8 ± 15.4 | 27.5 ± 14.0 | < 0.001* |
| Motor subtype, n (%)a | – | – | – | 0.740 |
| PIGD | 784 (64.2%) | 271 (65.1%) | 513 (63.7%) | – |
| TD | 256 (21.0%) | 82 (19.7%) | 174 (21.6%) | – |
| Intermediate | 181 (14.8%) | 63 (15.1%%) | 118 (14.7%) | – |
| Wearing off, n (%)a | 225 (18.4%) | 84 (20.2%) | 141 (17.5%) | 0.253 |
| MMSE score b | 26.7 ± 2.9 | 26.1 ± 3.1 | 27.0 ± 2.8 | < 0.001* |
| Depression, n (%)a | 437 (35.8%) | 192 (46.2%) | 245 (30.4%) | < 0.001* |
| ESS scoreb | 7.6 ± 6.1 | 14.8 ± 3.6 | 3.9 ± 3.1 | < 0.001* |
| PDSS scoreb | 116.9 ± 24.8 | 108.3 ± 24.0 | 121.4 ± 24.1 | < 0.001* |
| RBD, n (%)a | 450 (36.9%) | 209 (50.2%) | 241 (29.9%) | < 0.001* |
| Cardiovascular symptom scoreb | 0.87 ± 1.8 | 1.1 ± 2.1 | 0.8 ± 1.7 | 0.001* |
| Urinary symptom scoreb | 5.60 ± 6.1 | 7.0 ± 6.9 | 4.9 ± 5.5 | < 0.001* |
| Constipation, n (%)a | 586 (48.0%) | 222 (53.4%) | 364 (45.2%) | 0.007* |
| Hyposmia, n (%)b | 511 (41.9%) | 204 (49.0%) | 307 (38.1%) | < 0.001* |
| PDQ-39 scorea | 30.1 ± 24.7 | 38.7 ± 25.9 | 25.6 ± 22.8 | < 0.001* |
a
Chi-squared test.
b
t-test.
*
Statistically significant (p < 0.05). UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; PIGD, Postural Instability/Gait Disorder; TD, Tremor Dominant; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PDSS, Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale; RBD, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder; PDQ-39, 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire.