Table 3.
Univariate Cox regression analysis on femoral MBD dataset.
| Explanatory variables | β Regression Coefficient | Hazard Ratio (HR) | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary cancer growth type | ||||
| Slow | −0.763 ± 0.234 | 0.47 | 0.29–0.74 | 0.001 |
| Moderate | −0.070 ± 0.199 | 0.93 | 0.63–1.38 | 0.725 |
| Rapid | 0.988 ± 0.220 | 2.69 | 1.75–4.13 | 0.000 |
| Staging | ||||
| Operation at time of diagnosis | 0.474 ± 0.278 | 0.62 | 0.35–1.12 | 0.112 |
| Diagnosis time to femur fracture > 2.5 years | 0.325 ± 0.199 | 1.27 | 0.87–1.87 | 0.217 |
| Visceral metastases | 0.565 ± 0.206 | 1.76 | 1.17–2.64 | 0.006 |
| Multiple skeletal metastases | 0.175 ± 0.243 | 1.19 | 0.74–1.92 | 0.473 |
| Spine metastases | −0.028 ± 0.203 | 0.97 | 0.65–1.45 | 0.889 |
| Femoral neck/head lesion | 0.416 ± 0.198 | 1.52 | 1.03–2.24 | 0.036 |
| Pathological fracture | 0.230 ± 0.209 | 1.26 | 0.84–1.90 | 0.271 |
| Previous radiotherapy to femur | 0.111 ± 0.221 | 1.12 | 0.73–1.72 | 0.614 |
| Previous systemic treatment | −0.161 ± 0.202 | 0.85 | 0.57–1.27 | 0.427 |
| Operative factors | ||||
| ASA > 3 | 0.765 ± 0.212 | 2.15 | 1.42–3.26 | 0.000 |
| Perioperative transfusion | 0.326 ± 0.265 | 1.38 | 0.82–2.33 | 0.219 |
| Comorbidities and function | ||||
| ECOG ≥ 3 | 0.437 ± 0.210 | 1.55 | 1.03–2.33 | 0.037 |
| Pre-operative pleural effusion | 0.594 ± 0.276 | 1.81 | 1.05–3.11 | 0.032 |
| CCI score > 8 | 0.339 ± 0.203 | 1.40 | 0.94–2.09 | 0.095 |
| Serum markers | ||||
| Haemoglobulin < 120 g/L | 0.401 ± 0.203 | 1.49 | 1.00–2.22 | 0.048 |
| PMN < 5.68 × 109/L | −0.121 ± 0.201 | 0.89 | 0.60–1.31 | 0.547 |
| Platelets < 100 × 109/L | 1.091 ± 0.434 | 2.98 | 1.27–6.97 | 0.012 |
| ALP > 129 U/L | 0.527 ± 0.199 | 1.69 | 1.15–2.50 | 0.008 |
| Albumin < 30 g/L | 0.758 ± 0.207 | 2.13 | 1.42–3.21 | 0.000 |
| Calcium > 2.6 mmol/L | 0.431 ± 0.351 | 1.54 | 0.77–3.06 | 0.220 |
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists score; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocytes; ALP, alkaline phosphatase.
Slow growth type cancer included hormone-dependent breast and prostate, thyroid, multiple myeloma and lymphoma. Moderate growth included lung cancer treated with molecularly targeted drugs, hormone-independent breast and prostate, renal, endometrial and ovarian. Rapid growth included lung cancer without molecularly targeted drugs, colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, head and neck, eosophageal, other urological, melanoma, hepatocellular, gall bladder, cervical and cancers of unknown origin.
These values are given as the β coefficient and standard error.
These values are given as the Hazard Ratio (HR) with the following column the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).
These p-values were significant and had a two tailed p-value <0.05.