Table 2.
Animal studies in gut microbiota and uveitis.
| Animal model | Intervention | Effect on disease | Resulting immune responses in the eye and/or the intestine | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R161H (B10.RIII) | Broad-spectrum antibioticsa, GF | Decreased | Reduced activated T cells in the gut, due to the lack of direct signaling via retina-specific R161H TCR | (5) |
| B10.RIII EAU | Broad-spectrum antibioticsa | Decreased | Increased Treg in the colon and eye | (7) |
| C57BL/6 EAU | Broad-spectrum antibioticsb, GF | Decreased | Reduced T cell infiltration in the retina | (8) |
| C57BL/6 EAU | SCFA (propionate) | Decreased | Induction of Treg in lamina propria and LN, and reduction of Th1 or Th17 | (9) |
| C57BL/6 EAU | Probiotics mix IRT-5 | Decreased | CD8+ T effector cells decreased | (16) |
| NOD.AIRE−/− | GF | No effect | Reduced inflammatory infiltrates in the retina | (14) |
| AIREGW/+ LYN−/− (C57BL/6) | Broad-spectrum antibiotics | No effect | LYN−/− DCs present more IRBP to increase priming, not changed with microbiota | (15) |
a
Ampicillin, metronidazole, neomycin, vancomycin.
b
Metronidazole and ciprofloxacin.
GF, germ-free rederivation; SCFA, short chain fatty acid; IRBP, interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein; IRT-5, a probiotic mix of Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus, L. reuteri, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Streptococcus thermophiles.