Table 1.
Human studies of the gut microbiome in mood disorders.
| Disease | Publication | Sample size | Mean age | Gender (female ratio %) | Alpha diversity | Taxonomic differences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDD | Naseribafrouei et al., 2014 | MDD: 37 | MDD: 49.2 | MDD: 54.1 | No difference | MDD: Lachnospiraceae ↓; Bacteroidales, Alistipes, and Oscillibacter↑ |
| HCs: 18 | HCs: 46.1 | HCs: 61.1 | ||||
| Jiang et al., 2015 | MDD: 46 | MDD: 26.2 | MDD: 41.3 | A-MDD:↑ | MDD: Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria↑; Firmicutes↓ | |
| (A-MDD:R-MDD = 29:17) | (A-MDD:R-MDD = 25.3: 27.1) | (A-MDD:R-MDD = 38: 47) | no difference in R-MDD | Enterobacteriaceae and Alistipes↑; Faecalibacterium↓ | ||
| HCs: 30 | HCs: 26.8 | HCs: 50 | ||||
| Aizawa et al., 2016 | MDD: 43 | MDD: 39.4 | MDD: 41.9 | No mentioned | MDD: Bifidobacterium↓ | |
| HCs: 57 | HCs: 42.8 | HCs: 61.4 | Lactobacillus↓ | |||
| Zheng et al., 2016 | MDD: 58 | MDD: 40.6 | MDD: 37.9 | No difference | MDD: Actinobacteria↑; Bacteroidetes↓ | |
| HCs: 63 | HCs: 41.8 | HCs: 36.5 | ||||
| Lin et al., 2017 | MDD: 10 | MDD: 36.2 | MDD: 40 | No mentioned | MDD: Firmicutes↑, Prevotella, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, and Clostridium XI↑; Bacteroidetes↓ | |
| HCs: 10 | HCs: 38.1 | HHCs: 40 | ||||
| Chen et al., 2018a | F-MDD:HCs = 24:24 | F-MDD:HCs = 41.5:44.0 | / | No mentioned | F-MDD: Actinobacteria↑; | |
| M-MDD:HCs = 20:20 | M-MDD:HCs = 40.4:42.8 | M-MDD: Bacteroidetes↓ | ||||
| Chen et al., 2018c | MDD: 10 | MDD: 43.9 | MDD: 50 | No mentioned | MDD: Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes↓; Actinobacteria and Firmicutes↑ | |
| HCs: 10 | HCs: 39.6 | HCs: 50 | ||||
| BD | ||||||
| Evans et al., 2017 | BD:115 HCs: 64 | BD: 50.2 | BD: 83 | No mentioned | BD: Faecalibacterium and an unclassified member from the Ruminococcaceae family↓ | |
| HCs: 48.6 | HCs: 40 | |||||
| Flowers et al., 2017 | AAP-treated: 49 | AAP-treated: 46 | AAP-treated: 34 | AAP-treated females:↓ | AAP-treated BD patients: Lachnospiraceae↑ Non-AAP-treated patients: Akkermansia and Sutterella ↓ | |
| Non-AAP-treated: 68 | Non-AAP-treated: 51.7 | Non-AAP-treated: 48 | ||||
| Coello et al., 2018 | BD: 113 HCs: 77 | BD: 31 | BD: 62.5 | No mentioned | BD: Flavonifractor ↑ | |
| HCs: 29 | HCs: 61 | |||||
| Painold et al., 2018 | BD: 32 HCs: 10 | BD: 41.3 HCs: 31.4 | BD: 43.8 HCs: 60 | Negatively correlated with illness duration | BD: Actinobacteria and Coriobacteria↑Ruminococcaceae and Faecalibacterium↓ | |
| Guo et al., 2018 | BD: 31 | BD: 25.1 | BD: 41.9 | BD:↑, especially in BDM group | BD: Proteobacteria, Ruminococcus, Veillonella, and Lanchnospira↑; Bacteroides ↓ | |
| (BDD:BDM = 12:19) HCs: 28 | (BDD:BDM = 23.2: 25.4) | (BDD:BDM = 41.7: 42.1) | BDM: Enterobacteriaceae, Ruminococcus, Megamonas, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis ↑; Bacteroides ↓ | |||
| HCs: 27.1 | HCs: 42.9 | BDD: Selenomonadales, Lachnospira, Eubacrerium, and Plebeius↑ |
MDD, major depressive disorder; A-MDD, active-MDD; R-MDD, responded-MDD; F-MDD, female-MDD; M-MDD, male-MDD; BD, bipolar disorder; BDD, BD patients with depressive episode; BDM, BD patients with manic episode; HCs, healthy controls; AAP-treated, atypical antipsychotic-treated.