Table 2.

Family of Nano-Cellulose Material [Ref. 4].

Type of nano-cellulose	Synonyms	Typical sources	Formation and average size
Nano- or microfibrillated cellulose (NFC/MFC)	Micro-fibrillated cellulose, nano-fibrils and micro-fibrils, nano-fibrillated cellulose	Wood, sugar beet, potato tuber, hemp, flax	It can be extracted from cellulose chains using mechanical process to cleavage the fiber into nanometer size in diameter. Diameter: 5–60 nm Length: several micrometers
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)	Cellulose nano-crystals, crystallites, whiskers, rod like cellulose, microcrystals	Wood, cotton, hemp, flax, wheat straw, mulberry bark, ramie, Avicel, tunicin, cellulose from algae and bacteria	It can be extracted from cellulose chains using acid hydrolyzed amorphous region and left only crystalline region. Diameter: 5–70 nm Length: 100–250 nm (from plant celluloses)
Bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC)	Bacterial cellulose, microbial cellulose, bio-cellulose	Low-molecular weight sugars and alcohols	Bacterial synthesis Diameter: 20–100 nm Different types of nano-fiber networks