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. 2019 Feb 25;9:2683. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38968-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Schematic of experimental setup for treatment of in vitro biofilm with HOCl that is produced and the e-scaffold reaction. The e-scaffold was placed on top of a biofilm grown in one of the 6-well plates. Chloride ions supplied by the 0.9% PBS are oxidized to chlorine at the working electrode when a positive potential is applied to the working electrode. Chlorine dissociates into the solution to form HOCl driven by the pH of the solution. (B) Experimental setup used to measure pH profiles. For HOCl profiles, a Gamry© Interface 1000E^TM was used instead of the electrometer/ammeter and ADC. The figures are not drawn to scale.