Table 3.

Mobile health intervention components and significant improvement in physical activity outcomes.

Study and modality		Duration ≥12 weeks	Increasing PAa outcome over time in experimental group or all groups	Increasing PA outcome between groups or group x time	Isolated the mHealth component
Website
	Lau et al (2012) [35]		✓ Weekly MVPAb (Sc)
	Cullen et al (2013) [24]		✓60 min PA 7 days/week (S)		✓
	Whittemore et al (2013) [28]	✓	✓ # days/week meeting MVPA rec (S)		✓
	Sousa et al (2015) [37]	✓	✓ Weekly PA (S)		✓
App
	Direito et al (2015) [31]		Not reported		✓
	Kennedy et al (2017) [32]		✓ Upper body muscular endurance (Od), cardiorespiratory fitness (O), RTe skill competency (O)	✓ Upper body muscular endurance (O), cardiorespiratory fitness (O), RT skill competency (O)
	Jimoh et al (2018) [38]			Not applicable	✓
Wearable+Website
	Slootmaker et al (2010) [33]	✓	✓ Weekly PA (S)	✓ Weekly PA (S)	✓
	Patrick et al (2013) [26]	✓			✓
	Guthrie et al (2015) [25]		✓ Daily MVPA (O)	✓ Daily MVPA(O)	✓
	Gaudet et al (2017) [36]		✓ Daily MVPA (O)
	Larsen et al (2018) [29]	✓	✓ Weekly MVPA (S)	Not applicable
Wearable+App
	Schoenfelder et al (2017) [27]		✓ Step count	✓ Not applicable
	Chen et al (2017) [23]	✓	✓ # days/week 60 min PA (S)	✓ # days/week 60 min PA (S)	✓
Wearable+Website+App
	Smith et al (2014) [34]		✓ Upper body muscular endurance (O) and RT skill competency (O)	✓ Upper body muscular endurance (O) and RT skill competency (O)
	Mendoza et al (2017) [30]		Not reported		✓

^aPA: physical activity.

^bMVPA: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

^cS: subjective measure.

^dO: objective measure.

^eRT: resistance training.