Table 1.

Body weight, body adiposity, lean body mass, and serum analysis

	F	M		P values
Final BW (g)	47.6 ± 1.1	49.8 ± 0.7		ns
BW gain (g)	7.9 ± 0.8	8.1 ± 0.8		ns
Total body fat mass (g)	28.3 ± 0.5	26.1 ± 0.6	*	P < 0.05
Lean mass (g)	19.0 ± 0.4	20.3 ± 0.4	*	P < 0.05
% fat mass	57 ± 1	54 ± 1	**	P < 0.01
% lean mass	38 ± 1	42 ± 1	**	P < 0.01
Cumulative food intake (g)	1217 ± 1	1255 ± 1		ns
Food efficiency (g/ΔBW)	154 ± 12	155 ± 10		ns
Liver (%TF)	8.5 ± 0.3	11.5 ± 0.2	***	P < 0.001
VAT (%TF)	27.1 ± 0.5	29.3 ± 0.6	*	P < 0.05
SAT (%TF)	20.8 ± 0.3	17.0 ± 0.9	**	P < 0.01
SAT/VAT	0.77 ± 0.02	0.58 ± 0.03	***	P < 0.001
Serum analysis
Fasted glucose (mM)	10.7 ± 0.3	9.1 ± 0.4		ns
Fasted insulin (ng/ml)	2.1 ± 0.2	3.4 ± 0.4	*	P < 0.05
HOMA-IR	0.8 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.1	**	P < 0.01
Triglycerides (mM)	0.20 ± 0.01	0.65 ± 0.09	**	P < 0.01
Adiponectin (pg/ml)	5740 ± 361	4985 ± 212		P = 0.06
Resistin (pg/ml)	22.6 ± 2.9	44.6 ± 2.4	**	P < 0.01
FGF21 (pg/ml)	5380 ± 189	3583 ± 444	**	P < 0.01
TNFα (pg/ml)	465 ± 72	374 ± 55		ns
IL1β (pg/ml)	88 ± 17	94 ± 16		ns
IL6 (pg/ml)	29 ± 7	21 ± 3		ns
IL10 (pg/ml)	437 ± 83	239 ± 28	*	P = 0.01

Data are presented as mean ± sem, n = 7–10. Differences between sexes were determined by two-tailed student’s t test with statistical significance determined using the Holm-Sidak method, with alpha = 5.000%. Each row was analyzed individually, without assuming a consistent SD. *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001 M vs F were considered significant. ns = not significant. M male, F female, TF total fat, VAT visceral fat (comprises the gAT, omental and retroperitoneal adipose depots), SAT subcutaneous adipose tissue (comprises the iAT and dorsal adipose depots), HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, FGF21 fibroblast growth factor 21, TNF tumor necrosis factor and IL interleukin