Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of the sample
| Baseline characteristics | Total sample (N = 217) | GDS-score 5 (n = 59) | GDS-score 6 (n = 108) | GDS-score 7 (n = 50) | p-value | η2/V |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 83.91 (6.82) | 83.89 (6.44) | 83.35 (6.43) | 85.13 (7.97) | .274 | η 2=.003 |
| Median | 84.47 | 84.76 | 83.78 | 85.82 | ||
| Range | 59.30–102.20 | 59.30–97.62 | 60.51–96.58 | 65.51–102.20 | ||
| Gender, men (%) | 23.5 | 30.5 | 23.1 | 16 | .216 | V=.121 |
| Education (%) | .284 | V=.200 | ||||
| Primary | 26.3 | 20.3 | 24.1 | 38 | ||
| Low vocational secondary | 19.4 | 20.3 | 21.3 | 14 | ||
| Mid vocational secondary | 6.9 | 6.8 | 8.3 | 4 | ||
| High vocational secondary | 2.3 | 5.1 | 1.9 | 0 | ||
| University | .9 | 0 | .9 | 2 | ||
| Missing values | 44.2 | 47.5 | 43.5 | 42 | ||
| Years in nursing home | n=213 | n=57 | n=106 | n=50 | <.001 | η2=.072 |
| Mean (SD) | 2.69 (2.01) | 2.15 (2.00) | 2.57 (1.96) | 3.55 (2.05) | ||
| Median | 2.06 | 1.59 | 1.96 | 3.61 | ||
| Range | .10–10.28 | .12–10.28 | .18–9.08 | .10–8.27 | ||
| Years in nursing home unit | n=213 | n=57 | n=106 | n=50 | <.001 | η2=.095 |
| Mean (SD) | 2.36 (1.94) | 1.80 (1.84) | 2.22 (1.84) | 3.32 (1.95) | ||
| Median | 1.81 | 1.16 | 1.71 | 2.78 | ||
| Range | .05–10.28 | .05–10.28 | .17–9.08 | .10–7.57 | ||
| Medication use (%) | ||||||
| Antipsychotic | 35.0 | 32.2 | 32.4 | 44.0 | .332 | V=.103 |
| Antidepressant | 27.6 | 22 | 31.5 | 26.0 | .412 | V=.091 |
| Hypnotic | 13.8 | 13.6 | 14.8 | 12.0 | .935 | V=.033 |
| Anxiolytic | 18.4 | 15.3 | 17.6 | 24.0 | .492 | V=.083 |
| NMDA inhibitor | 5.5 | 8.5 | 4.6 | 4.0 | .586 | V=.079 |
| ADL dependency | ||||||
| Independent | 2.3 | 5.1 | 1.9 | 0 | <.001 | V=.390 |
| Supervision | 12 | 28.8 | 8.3 | 0 | ||
| Limited | 6.9 | 8.5 | 9.3 | 0 | ||
| Extensive 1 | 33.6 | 35.6 | 38.9 | 20.0 | ||
| Extensive 2 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 8.0 | ||
| Dependent | 27.2 | 16.9 | 27.8 | 38.0 | ||
| Total dependence | 12.0 | 0 | 8.3 | 34.0 | ||
| MMSE | n=213 | n=59 | n=105 | n=49 | <.001 | η2=.528 |
| Mean (SD) | 7.19 (6.06) | 13.08 (4.79) | 6.75 (4.74) | 1.02 (1.93) | ||
| Median | 7 | 13 | 7 | 0 | ||
| Range | 0-24 | 1-24 | 0–17 | 0–7 | ||
| SIB-S | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 27.50 (15.48) | 40.44 (7.04) | 29.49 (12.12) | 7.94 (8.74) | <.001 | η2=.528 |
| median | 31 | 42 | 32 | 4.5 | ||
| range | 0–50 | 16–50 | 0–48 | 0–32 | ||
Note. GDS-score 5, moderate dementia; GDS-score 6, moderately severe dementia; GDS-score 7, severe cognitive decline/late dementia; p-value, results of the Pearson χ²-test for gender, education, medication use, ADL dependency, and Independent Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test for age, years in nursing home (unit), MMSE-score, and SIB-S score to compare between GDS-scores; η2, eta squared, effect size for Independent Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test; V, Cramer’s V, effect size for Pearson ‘s χ²-test.
N/n, number of participants; SD, standard deviation; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; SIB-S, Severe Impairment Battery Short version.