Table 2.

Process of developing the “patient and family centered care” category

Category	Subcategories	Codes	Meaning units
Patient and family centered care	Participation and empowerment of the patient and family	Family’s help and participation in precise assessment of the elder’s habits Effect of participation in improvement of nurse-elder communication	“Only the elderly’s family knows their habits and mood when they are admitted. When I get help from her daughter, she explains a lot about her habits... She says my mother is used to doing this at this hour... Getting help from their accompanying persons is very helpful. In this way, the nurse gets the information by which he or she can communicate with the elderly effectively and properly” (Nurse 2).
	Ease of comfort in the elderly	Providing of facilities and the appropriate physical environment for older people in the hospital Relief of pain	“Our department does not have a place for a handle... The Handrail is over there... Think, for example, that the elderly is going to the toilet and all the equipment available is two pillars... Our physical environment is not desirable for the elderly” (Head Nurse 1). “Some nurses think that the elderly pretends, and consequently, pay no attention to them. For example, when the elder says my heart hurts, my hand aches, they reply, you are old…” (Nurse 1)