Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Perinatal anemia (n = 23) | Non-anemic (n = 88) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age, weeks | 39.0 (37.4–40.3) | 40.0 (38.4–41.0) | 0.11 |
| Birth weight, g | 3,400 (2,960–3,750) | 3,200 (2,816–3,664) | 0.53 |
| SGA | 1 (4) | 14 (16) | 0.19 |
| LGA | 2 (9) | 11 (13) | 1.00 |
| Gender, male | 11 (48) | 45 (51) | 0.82 |
| Multiple birth | 0 (0) | 6 (7) | 0.34 |
| Delivery mode, vaginal | 4 (17) | 48 (55) | <0.01 |
| Apgar score | |||
| 1st min | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0.01 |
| 5th min | 1 (0–3) | 3 (2–5) | 0.01 |
| 10th min | 4 (1–5) | 5 (4–7) | <0.01 |
| pH | |||
| Umbilical artery | 6.9 (6.8–7.0) | 6.9 (6.8–7.1) | 0.41 |
| 1 h pp | 6.8 (6.7–7.0) | 7.1 (6.9–7.2) | <0.01 |
| Cardiac resuscitation | 15 (65) | 34 (39) | 0.02 |
| Postnatal age at start active TH, h | 3.8 (2.9–4.8) | 5.0 (3.8–5.8) | 0.01 |
| Lactate 1 h pp, mmol/L | 15.4 (9.9–21.0) | 13.8 (8.8–17.7) | 0.36 |
| Thompson score | 11 (10–15) | 11 (8–15) | 0.60 |
| Hb pp, mmol/L | 5.9 (4.3–6.8) | 10.4 (9.6–11.6) | <0.01 |
| Hb 24 h pp, mmol/L | 7.8 (6.5–8.9) | 10.3 (8.5–11.2) | <0.01 |
| Ht pp, L/L | 0.30 (0.27–0.37) | 0.49 (0.43–0.55) | <0.01 |
| Reticulocyte, % | 31 (24–44) | ||
| Reticulocyte, 109/L | 110 (100–135) | ||
| Erythroblasts, 109/L | 2.4 (1.1–5.0) | ||
| RBC transfusion during first 24 h pp | 22 (96) | 11 (13) | <0.01 |
| RBC volume, mL/kg/24 h | 27 (20–33) | 15 (11–16) | <0.01 |
| Mean ASAT during TH | 178 (75–648) | 103 (68–206) | 0.06 |
| Mean ALAT during TH | 74 (21–241) | 42 (20–97) | 0.14 |
| Serum creatinine during TH | 85 (60–122) | 67 (56–83) | 0.01 |
| aEEG performed | 23 (100) | 88 (100) | |
| Mildly abnormala | 5 (22) | 36 (41) | 0.09 |
| Severely abnormala | 18 (78) | 52 (59) | |
| EEG performed | 20 (87) | 76 (86) | |
| Mildly abnormal | 8 (35) | 17 (19) | 0.14 |
| Severely abnormal | 12 (52) | 52 (59) | |
| Ultrasound performed | 22 (96) | 85 (97) | |
| Abnormal | 10 (43) | 25 (28) | 0.15 |
| MRI performed | 18 (78) | 81 (92) | |
| Total MRI scoreb | 3 (1–5) | 2 (0–4) | 0.32 |
| BG and T | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.93 |
| WA | 2 (0–2) | 2 (0–2) | 0.47 |
| PLIC | 1 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.03 |
| Survival | 12 (52) | 69 (78) | 0.01 |
| BSID-III performed | 12 (100) | 63 (91) | |
| CBCL performed | 10 (83) | 52 (75) |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or as n (%).
SGA, small for gestational age (<p10); LGA, large for gestational age (>p90); TH, therapeutic hypothermia; Hb, hemoglobin; Ht, hematocrit; pp, postpartum; RBC, red blood cell; aEEG, amplitude-integrated electroencephalography; BSID-III, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd edition); CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; BG and T, basal ganglia and thalamus; WA, watershed areas; PLIC, posterior limb of internal capsule.
a
A mildly or severely abnormal background pattern at some point during therapeutic hypothermia.
b
Total MRI score based on the scoring system developed by van Rooij et al. [6].