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. 2019 Feb 19;10:137. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00137

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Copyright © 2019 Dirks-Mulder, Ahmed, uit het Broek, Krol, Menger, Snier, van Winzum, de Wolf, van't Wout, Zeegers, Butôt, Heijungs, van Heuven, Kruizinga, Langelaan, Smets, Star, Bemer and Gravendeel.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Phloroglucinol staining of fruit cross-sections. Erycina pusilla: (A) 8 WAP. (B) 10 WAP. (C) 11 WAP. (D) 13 WAP. (E,F) Dehisced fertile fruit valve. Epipactis helleborine: (G) Unripe and indehisced fruit. (H) Ripe and dehisced fruit. Cynorkis fastigiata: (I) Unripe and indehisced fruit. (J) Ripe and dehisced fruit. F, Fertile valve; S, sterile valve. White and black arrows indicate lignified endocarp. Scale bar (A–D,G,H) = 1 mm. (E,F) = 2 mm. (I,J) = 0.5 mm.