(A, D, E) Immunofluorescent staining of TDP-43, PTB1, and FUS in BHK-21
cells at 8 HPI. (A) TDP-43 is located in the nucleus of mock-infected
(VP1-negative) cells. In DA and GDVII infections TDP-43 is depleted from
the nucleus and mislocalizes to the cytoplasm of VP1-positive cells
where it aggregates (arrows). In contrast, DAΔL and
GDVIIΔL infections fail to induce TDP-43 mislocalization. (B) Frequency
of TDP-43 mislocalization in TMEV-infected cells at different HPI. DA
and GDVII infections induce mislocalization of TDP-43 in almost all
VP1-positive cells that begins at least as early as 6 HPI and lasts for
at least 12 HPI. In contrast, infection with TMEVΔL virus infrequently
leads to TDP-43 mislocalization. (C) pTDP-43 is present in the cytoplasm
of DA and GDVII-infected L929 cells (arrowheads). (D,
E) PTB1 (D) and FUS (E) are mislocalized to the cytoplasm in DA
infection (arrows). (F) 48hs after transfection with
pDAL, TDP-43 is mislocalized and aggregates (arrows) in
the cytoplasm of L-expressing BHK-21 cells (indicated by Myc
positivity). Scale bars: 10 μm. *P < 0.001.