Table 3.

Covariates associated with adequate antenatal care utilization

Covariate	Variables	Antenatal care adequacy utilization
		Reported AOR, CI	References
Socio-demographic	Age	15–24 yrs. = Ref, 25–34 yrs. = 1.50,(0.99–2.28), 35–49 yrs. = 2.45 (1.23–4.88)	[28]
		18 years and below = Ref Above 18 yrs. = 1.49 (1.20–1.84)	[25]
	Maternal education	No education = Ref, primary = 1.35 (0.76–2.40), Secondary+ = 3.0 (1.71,5.26)	[28]
		No education = Ref Educated = 1.26 (1.06–1.48)	[25]
		Less than secondary education- Ref, Secondary and above = AOR,2.56, P value< 0.05	[14]
	Husband’s Education	No education = Ref Secondary+ = 1.56 (1.03,2.36)	[28]
	Household head education	Uneducated = Ref Educated = 1.16 (1.01,1.34)	[25]
	Wealth index	Poor = Ref Rich = 1.62 (1.01–2.64)	[28]
	Not being poor	No enough food in house = Ref, Has enough food in house hold = 1.20 (1.05–1.37)	[25]
	Residency	Rural = Ref Urban = 2.18 (1.51–3.14).	[28]
		Rural = Ref Urban = 1.54 (1.21–1.96)	[25]
		Urban = Ref Rural = AOR, 0.27, P-value< 0.05	[14]
		Urban = Ref Rural = AOR, 0.43 (0.20, 0.91)	[27]
	Marital status	Single = Ref Married/Cohabited = 1.24 (1.04–1.47)	[25]
	Ownership of motorized transport	Own = Ref Not Own = 1.32 (1.17–1.49)	[25]
Obstetric/ Access to health information	Parity	Para 1;Ref para 2 = 0.61 (0.39–0.93) para 3+ = 0.31 (0.18–0.55)	[28]
		Para 0–1 = Ref Para 2 and above- AOR, 0.46, P-value< 0.05	[14]
	Receiving information on pregnancy issues from a health worker	Not received = Ref Received = 1.75 (1.51–2.02)	[25]
	Receiving support from family member	No support = Ref Support = 1.37 (1.19–1.59)	[25]

Ref Reference category, Yrs Years