Table 6.
Univariate and multiple logistic regression for risk of BAL complications (*p < 0.05)
| Univariate OR (95% CI) |
p-value | Multiple OR (95% CI) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender | 2.029 (0.793–5.194) | 0.140 | ||
| Mean age in years | 0.986 (0.961–1.011) | 0.263 | ||
| Current smokers | 1.372 (0.479–3.933) | 0.556 | ||
| Cause of immunosuppression: | ||||
| High dose corticosteroids | 0.366 (0.47–2.869) | 0.338 | ||
| HIV/ AIDS | 1.762 (0.801–3.876) | 0.159 | ||
| Steroid-sparing immunosuppressive medication | 1.120 (0.450–2.789) | 0.808 | ||
| Solid organ transplant | 1.491 (0.396–5.610) | 0.554 | ||
| Bone marrow transplant | 0.738 (0.241–2.258) | 0.595 | ||
| Hematologic malignancy | 0.535 (0.240–1.192) | 0.126 | ||
| Leukemia | 0.500 (0.182–1.370) | 0.178 | ||
| Lymphoma | 0.580 (0.165–2.034) | 0.395 | ||
| Myelodysplastic | N.A. | N.A. | ||
| Multiple myeloma | 12.267 (1.079–139.514) | 0.043* | ||
| Chemotherapy | 0.821 (0.386–1.748) | 0.609 | ||
| Neutropenia | 0.902 (0.402–2.022) | 0.802 | ||
| Severity (reference no neutropenia) | ||||
| Mild (ANC 1000–1500/ml) | 1.848 (0.464–7.372) | 0.384 | ||
| Moderate (ANC 500–999/ml) | 0.462 (0.057–3.736) | 0.469 | ||
| Severe (ANC < 500/ml) | 0.853 (0.323–2.255) | 0.749 | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.893 (0.343–2.324) | 0.816 | ||
| Cardiac | 0.714 (0086–5.908) | 0.754 | ||
| Pulmonary | 1.248 (0.395–3.942) | 0.706 | ||
| Hepatic | 1.412 (0.442–4.505) | 0.560 | ||
| Renal | 1.810 (0.470–6.974) | 0.388 | ||
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1.108 (0.948–1.295) | 0.196 | ||
| Clinical Presentation: | ||||
| Fever | 1.184 (0.515–2.722) | 0.690 | ||
| Cough | 1.708 (0.778–3.749) | 0.182 | ||
| Dyspnea | 2.508 (1.169–5.382) | 0.018* | ||
| Pleurisy | 0.639 (0.140–2.911) | 0.563 | ||
| Duration of symptoms | 1.005 (0.988–1.022) | 0.592 | ||
| Treatment at the time of BAL: | ||||
| Antibiotics | N.A. | N.A. | ||
| Duration of Antibiotics | 0.960 (0.903–1.021) | 0.195 | ||
| Antifungals | 0.489 (0.208–1.146) | 0.100 | ||
| Antivirals | 0.839 (0.394–1.786) | 0.649 | ||
| Radiologic presentation on CT: | ||||
| Consolidation | 1.417 (0.610–3.292) | 0.418 | ||
| Ground glass opacity | 2.107 (0.891–4.980) | 0.090 | ||
| Tree-in-bud appearance | N.A. | N.A. | ||
| Reticular pattern | 2.281 (0.565–9.208) | 0.247 | ||
| Nodules | 0.376 (0.135–1.048) | 0.061 | 0.391 (0.140–1.093) | 0.074 |
| Cavitation | 0.596 (0.130–2.728) | 0.505 | ||
| Duration of procedure in minutes | 1.009 (0.954–1.068) | 0.742 | ||
| Dose of midazolam in milligram | 1.001 (0.999–1.004) | 0.386 | ||
| Dose of fentanyl in microgram | 1.002 (0.987–1.018) | 0.792 | ||
| Segments: | ||||
| Upper lobes | 0.892 (0.420–1.893) | 0.766 | ||
| Right middle lobe | 0.725 (0.295–1.779) | 0.482 | ||
| Lower lobes | 1.227 (0.574–2.621) | 0.597 | ||
| Number of pulmonary segments sampled: ≥ 2 (reference one segment) | 0.701 (0.301–1.633) | 0.410 | ||