. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2019 Feb;15(2):77–90. doi: 10.1038/s41584-018-0123-4

Table 2.

Clinical trials using intra-articular biologic therapies to treat osteoarthritis.

Study (year)	Therapy	Study size (groups)	Final follow-up	Outcomes	Ref
Chevalier et al. (2009)	Anakinra (rhIL-1Ra)	170 (101 anakinra, 69 placebo)	12 weeks	Low dose anikara was inferior to placebo on pain score High dose anikara was superior to placebo on pain score	71
Ohtori et al. (2015)	Etanercept (anti-TNF)	39 (19 etanercept, 20 HA)	4 weeks	Etanercept was inferior to HA for VAS, WOMAC pain score, WOMAC stiffness score, WOMAC physical function score and total WOMAC score	77
Hunter et al. (2010)	Eptotermin alfa (rhBMP7)	33 (25 eptotermin alfa, 8 placebo)	24 weeks	Eptotermin alfa was superior to placebo for achieving WOMAC pain 20%, 50% and 70% reduction scores	79
Lohmander et al. (2014)	Sprifermin (rhFGF18)	192 (126 sprifermin, 42 placebo)	52 weeks	Sprifermin was superior to placebo for WOMAC pain scores and showed a dose dependent response	80

BMP7, bone morphogenic protein 7; FGF18, fibroblast growth factor 18; HA, hyaluronic acid; IL-1Ra, IL-1 receptor antagonist; VAS, visual analogue scale; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index.