Table 4.
Age (years) | Site of HA injection | HA volume (mL) | Nodulediameter (cm) | Time between HA injection and biofilm formation (months) | Site affected by biofilm | Relapse | HA injection after recovery | No biofilm relapse 2 years after recovery |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
48 | Nasolabial folds, corners of mouth | 1 | ≤2 | 6 | Right corner of mouth | No | Yes | Yes |
49 | Tear troughs, nasolabial folds, lips | 3 | ≤2 | 4 | All areas treated | No | Yes | Yes |
59 | Tear troughs, cheeks, chin | 6 | ≤2 | 2 | Right cheek | No | Yes | Yes |
31 | Tear troughs | 1 | Orbital cavity | 10 | Right tear trough | No | Yes | Yes |
37 | Nasolabial folds, corners of mouth, lips | 2 | ≤2 | 4 | Right nasolabial fold | No | Yes | Yes |
Notes: Comprehensive treatment in accordance with the M&N scheme: puncture of the lesion and drainage of pus and fermented HA. Orally administered combination antibiotic and probiotic therapy: 2×400 mg moxifloxacin + 2×500 mg clarithromycin + probiotic formulation consisting of 1.6 billion CFU lyophilized strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and Bifidobacterium lactis, three capsules a day. Duration of antibiotic therapy: 14–21 days or until the complete resolution of swelling and nodules (whichever is longer). Duration of probiotic treatment: during the antibiotic therapy and 1 month after its termination. Duration of locally administered hyaluronidase treatment: 14–21 days or until the complete resolution of swelling and nodules (whichever was longer). Hyaluronidase dosage: according to Table 2.
Abbreviations: M&N, Marusza and Netsvyetayeva; HA, hyaluronic acid; CFU, colony-forming unit.