Table 4.

Description of participants treated with M&N scheme as first therapeutic option

Age (years)	Site of HA injection	HA volume (mL)	Nodulediameter (cm)	Time between HA injection and biofilm formation (months)	Site affected by biofilm	Relapse	HA injection after recovery	No biofilm relapse 2 years after recovery
48	Nasolabial folds, corners of mouth	1	≤2	6	Right corner of mouth	No	Yes	Yes
49	Tear troughs, nasolabial folds, lips	3	≤2	4	All areas treated	No	Yes	Yes
59	Tear troughs, cheeks, chin	6	≤2	2	Right cheek	No	Yes	Yes
31	Tear troughs	1	Orbital cavity	10	Right tear trough	No	Yes	Yes
37	Nasolabial folds, corners of mouth, lips	2	≤2	4	Right nasolabial fold	No	Yes	Yes

Notes: Comprehensive treatment in accordance with the M&N scheme: puncture of the lesion and drainage of pus and fermented HA. Orally administered combination antibiotic and probiotic therapy: 2×400 mg moxifloxacin + 2×500 mg clarithromycin + probiotic formulation consisting of 1.6 billion CFU lyophilized strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and Bifidobacterium lactis, three capsules a day. Duration of antibiotic therapy: 14–21 days or until the complete resolution of swelling and nodules (whichever is longer). Duration of probiotic treatment: during the antibiotic therapy and 1 month after its termination. Duration of locally administered hyaluronidase treatment: 14–21 days or until the complete resolution of swelling and nodules (whichever was longer). Hyaluronidase dosage: according to Table 2.

Abbreviations: M&N, Marusza and Netsvyetayeva; HA, hyaluronic acid; CFU, colony-forming unit.