Table 2.
Cause-specific death by tertiles of fruit and vegetable intake
| Cause of death | Fruit and Vegetable Intake, Servings per wk | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 0–5.5 | 5.6–10 | >10 | |||||
| N (%) | Mortality Rate per 1000 Person-yr | N (%) | Mortality Rate per 1000 Person-yr | N (%) | Mortality Rate per 1000 Person-yr | N (%) | Mortality Rate per 1000 Person-yr | |
| Cardiovascular | 954 (46) | 51 | 323 (48) | 57 | 356 (46) | 52 | 275 (44) | 46 |
| Infection | 361 (17) | 20 | 114 (17) | 20 | 133 (17) | 20 | 114 (18) | 19 |
| Cancer | 158 (8) | 9 | 48 (7) | 8 | 65 (8) | 10 | 45 (7) | 7 |
| Gastrointestinal | 72 (3) | 4 | 24 (3) | 4 | 30 (4) | 4 | 18 (3) | 3 |
| Liver disease | 24 (1) | 1 | 4 (0.6) | 1 | 12 (2) | 2 | 8 (1) | 1 |
| Withdrawal from dialysis | 24 (1) | 1 | 8 (1) | 1 | 10 (1) | 1 | 6 (1) | 1 |
| Metabolic | 7 (0.3) | 0.4 | 3 (0.4) | 1 | — | — | 4 (0.6) | 1 |
| Endocrine | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other | 316 (15) | 17 | 102 (15) | 18 | 110 (14) | 16 | 104 (16) | 17 |
| Unknown | 166 (8) | 9 | 53 (8) | 9 | 56 (7) | 8 | 57 (9) | 9 |
| All-cause | 2082 (26) | 112 | 679 (27) | 120 | 772 (26) | 114 | 631 (24) | 105 |
Other causes of death include hemorrhage from vascular access or dialysis circuit (n=2), other hemorrhage (n=6), mesenteric infarction/ischemic bowel (n=22), bone marrow depression (n=2), cachexia/failure to thrive (n=60), dementia including dialysis dementia and Alzheimer (n=9), seizures (n=1), chronic obstructive lung disease (n=14), complications of surgery (n=18), air embolism (n=8), accident unrelated to treatment (n=16), suicide (n=2), and other unspecified (n=156). —, None.