Table 3. Results of multigroup invariance testing.
| Correlated Factors gender invariance | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | χ2 (df) | RMSEA (90% confidence interval) | CFI | TLI | χ2difference (df) |
| Boys baseline | 295.292**(145) | .031 (.026, .037) | .970 | .965 | - |
| Girls baseline | 258.267**(145) | .029 (.023, .035) | .980 | .976 | - |
| Configural | 740.155**(298) | .039 (.035, .042) | .958 | .952 | - |
| Scalar | 736.419**(345) | .034 (.030, .037) | .963 | .964 | 82.734**(47) |
| Scalar M&MS4/CORS3 free | 714.075**(340) | .033 (.030, .037) | .965 | .965 | 56.103 (42), p = .07 |
| S-1 gender invariance | |||||
| Boys baseline | 294.634**(138) | .033 (.028, .038) | .969 | .962 | - |
| Girls baseline | 242.902**(138) | .029 (.023, .034) | .981 | .977 | - |
| Configural | 746.480**(284) | .041 (.037, .044) | .957 | .948 | |
| Scalar | 712.306**(343) | .033 (.030, .036) | .965 | .965 | 94.405** (59) |
| Scalar M&MS4 free | 695.876**(340) | .032 (.029, .036) | .967 | .966 | 67.778 (54), p = .10 |
| Correlated factors income invariance | |||||
| everfsm baseline | 274.547**(145) | .032 (.026, .038) | .975 | .971 | - |
| neverfsm baseline | 281.287**(145) | .029 (.024, .034) | .970 | .964 | - |
| Configural | 749.155**(298) | .039 (.036, .043) | .953 | .946 | - |
| Scalar | 698.214**(345) | .032 (.029, .036) | .963 | .964 | 44.060 (47), p = .60 |
| S-1 income invariance | |||||
| everfsm baseline | 268.413**(139) | .033 (.027, .039) | .975 | .969 | - |
| neverfsm baseline | 274.571**(138) | .030 (.025, .035) | .970 | .962 | - |
| Configural | 769.994**(284) | .042 (.038, .045) | .950 | .939 | - |
| Scalar | 672.437**(341) | .031 (.028, .035) | .966 | .966 | 50.095(57), p = .73 |
RMSEA, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; CFI, Comparative Fit Index; TLI, Tucker Lewis Index; M&MS4, “I cry a lot”; CORS3, “How am I doing at school”.
** p < .001.