Table 1.
Study characteristics.
| Study first author (year), N Attrition % |
Study location | Mean age (SD), Sex % |
Latino ancestrya Latino % in sample | Study Design | Control group | Intervention dosage and duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Castillo (2010)42 N = 70 Attrition: 33% |
Chicago, IL |
Age: 58.2 (13.1) Female: 76% |
NR 100% Latino |
One group pre-post PS | None | Two-hour weekly group sessions for 10 weeks. |
| Heisler (2014)31 N = 188 Attrition: 6% |
Detroit, MI | Tx arm: Age: 51 (8.6) Female: 76% Control: Age: 52 (9.4) Female: 66% |
NR 57% Latino |
RCT: One tx arm, one control group | Comparison group had same amount of contact as tx group but used printed material | Both groups: One individual 1.5–2 hour session, plus 2 phone sessions that took place between 3–6 weeks after initial session. Tx group: Content was individually tailored and delivered in a digital format. |
| Lorig, (2000)43 N = 109 Attrition: 27% |
Santa Clara, CA | Age: 54.6 (12.3) Female: 66% |
NR 100% Latino |
One group pre-post | None | Two-hour weekly group sessions for 6 weeks |
| 18-month study N = 387 Attrition: 22% |
6-mo. study UC: Age: 52.8 (13.4) Female: 67% |
18-mo. study RCT: Two tx arms |
18-mo. study: Control participants completed the 6-mo tx arm, then no other tx |
18-month study: Intervention participants completed the 6-month tx arm, then received monthly automated reinforcement phone calls. |
||
| Mauldon (2006)44 N = 16 Attrition: 6% |
Southern Connecticut | Age median: 50 Female: 56% |
Puerto Rican and Caribbean 100% Latino |
One group pre-post PS | None | Three-hour weekly group sessions for 6 weeks. |
| McEwen (2010)45 N = 21 Attrition: 9% |
Arizona border region | Age: 53.7 (8.1) Female: 81% |
Mexican 100% Latino |
One group pre-post PS | None | Two-hour monthly group sessions for 6 months, plus 3 individual 60–90 minute sessions within 3 weeks of each group session. |
| McEwen (2017)33 N b = 157 Attrition at 3 months: 29% |
Arizona border region | Age: 53.5 (9.0) Female: 65% |
Mexican 100% Latino |
RCT: One tx arm, one control group | WL + three weekly education classes | Two-hour weekly group educational and social support sessions for 6 weeks, followed by 2-hour weekly home visits for 3 weeks, and 20-minute weekly phone calls for 3 weeks. Intervention was delivered to family dyads (participant with T2DM plus family member). |
| Moncrieft (2016)34 N c = 111 Attrition at 12 months: 22% |
Miami, FL | Age: 54.8 (7.4) Female: 71% |
NR 85% Latino |
RCT: One tx arm, one control group | UC + educational handouts | Two individual sessions, followed by 2 weekly and 4 bi-weekly group sessions, followed by 9 monthly group sessions. All sessions lasted 1.5–2 hours. |
| Piette (2000)35 N = 280 Attrition: 11% |
NR | Tx arm: Age: 55.7 (10.2) Female: 61% UC: Age: 53.3 (10.5) Female: 57% |
NR 50% Latino |
RCT: One tx arm, one control group | UC | One year of bi-weekly automated assessment telephone calls lasting 5–8 minutes with the option to listen to automated health information for 1–7 minutes. “Periodic” follow-up calls were conducted with a nurse based on urgency of reported problems. |
| Rosal (2005)36 N = 25 Attrition: 8% |
Western MA | Age: 62.6 (8.6) Female: 80% |
Puerto Rican 100% Latino |
PS, RCT: One tx arm, one control group | UC + educational handouts | One 1-hour individual session, then 2.5–3.5 hour weekly group sessions for 10 weeks, plus two 15-minute individual sessions prior to each group session. |
| Tang (2014)37 N = 116 Attrition: 41% |
Detroit, MI | Age: 49.3 (11.0) Female: 58.6% |
Mexican 100% Latino |
RCT: Two tx arms | Comparison among two tx arms (no control group) | Both tx arms: Journey to Health DSME content delivered over 11 2-hour group sessions for 6 months, followed by two 1-hour monthly home visits, and 1 in-office visit with participant and their PCP. Peer support tx arm: Optional weekly group sessions for an additional 12 months after the 6-month DSME. CHW support tx arm: Monthly phone calls and emails on an as needed basis for an additional 12 months after the initial 6-month DSME. |
| Wagner (2016)38 N = 107 Attrition: 10% |
Hartford, CT | Age: 60.3 (11.6) Female: 73% |
NR 100% Latino |
RCT: One tx arm, one control group | UC + a onetime 2.5-hr group education session | One 2.5-hour group education session, followed by eight 2-hour stress management weekly group sessions across 8–10 weeks. |
| Wang (2014)39 N = 252 Attrition: 7% |
MA | Age majority “middle aged” Female: 76.6% |
Puerto Rican 100% Latino |
RCT: One tx arm, one control group | UC | One individual home visit for 1 hour, followed by weekly group sessions for 11 weeks, then 8 2.5-hour monthly group sessions. |
| Welch (2011)40 N = 46 Attrition: 15% |
Springfield, MA | Tx arm: Age: 54.4 (10.4) Female: 68% Control: Age: 57.5 (9.5) Female: 62% |
Puerto Rican 100% Latino |
RCT: One tx arm, one control group | UC + seven 1-hr education visits for 1 year using ADA DSME education booklets | Seven 1-hour individual sessions over 1 year using a computerized program to guide the DSME discussion |
| Welch (2015)41 N = 399 Attrition: 12% |
Western MA | Age: 55.0 (11.1) Female: 60% |
NR 100% Latino |
RCT: One tx arm, one control group | UC in the clinic’s diabetes program + individual education visits with diabetes educators; frequency of visits depended on patient need | One individual visit lasting 1 hour, followed by 30-minute visits occurring at week 2 and months 1, 3, and 6; all visits used a computerized program to guide the DSME discussions |
Note. ADA = American Diabetes Association; CHW = community health worker; NR = not reported; PCP = primary care provider; Pre-post = a non-randomized prospective cohort study; PS = pilot study; RCT = randomized control trial; Tx = treatment; T2DM = Type 2 diabetes; UC = usual care control group, WL = waitlist control group
a
Latino ancestry defined as majority ancestry reported for sample or in area where sample was recruited from.
b
Participants with T2DM without counting their non-T2DM family member dyad.
c
Eligibility criteria for participants required a score of at least 11 on the Beck Depression Inventory-II.