Table 1.
Demographic, lifestyle and tumor characteristics of post-menopausal women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS)/NHSII.
| Tumor | Tumor-Adjacent | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI, mean (SD) | 22.4 (1.6) | 27.2 (1.5) | 33.9 (3.7) | 22.4 (1.6) | 27.2 (1.4) | 34.3 (4.0) | ||||
| Women Demographics | ||||||||||
| n | 220 | 148 | 110 | 176 | 117 | 79 | ||||
| Nurses’ Health Study Cohort, n (%) | 0.77 | 0.42 | ||||||||
| NHS | 196 (89.1) | 130 (87.8) | 95 (86.4) | 154 (87.5) | 97 (82.9) | 65 (82.3) | ||||
| NHSII | 24 (10.9) | 18 (12.2) | 15 (13.6) | 22 (12.5) | 20 (17.1) | 14 (17.7) | ||||
| Race, n (%) | 0.16 | 0.02 | ||||||||
| White | 215 (97.7) | 140 (94.6) | 108 (98.2) | 172 (97.7) | 108 (92.3) | 78 (98.7) | ||||
| Others | 5 (2.3) | 8 (5.4) | 2 (1.8) | 4(2.3) | 9 (7.7) | 1 (1.3) | ||||
| Age at diagnosis, mean (sd) | 63.5 (7.6) | 63.6 (7.2) | 64.1 (8.0) | 0.65 | 63.0 (7.6) | 64.0 (7.7) | 63.9 (8.4) | 0.49 | ||
| Year of Diagnosis, n (%) | 0.59 | 0.35 | ||||||||
| 1989–1993 | 57 (25.9) | 31 (20.9) | 21 (19.1) | 44 (25.0) | 19 (16.2) | 14 (17.7) | ||||
| 1994–1998 | 80 (36.4) | 52 (35.1) | 41 (37.3) | 57 (32.4) | 36 (30.8) | 29 (36.7) | ||||
| 1999–2003 | 65 (29.5) | 50 (33.8) | 33 (30.0) | 58 (33.0) | 47 (40.2) | 24 (30.4) | ||||
| 2004–2008 | 18 (8.2) | 15 (10.1) | 15 (13.6) | 17 (9.7) | 15 (12.8) | 12 (15.2) | ||||
| Age at first child birth, mean (sd) | 25.8 (3.4) | 25.7 (3.7) | 25.9 (4.3) | 0.73 | 25.7 (3.6) | 25.9 (3.6) | 26.1 (4.6) | 0.90 | ||
| Number of children, mean (sd) | 2.6 (1.9) | 2.8 (1.7) | 2.8 (1.9) | 0.42 | 2.5 (1.8) | 2.8 (1.9) | 2.8 (2.0) | 0.45 | ||
| Lifestyle Factors | ||||||||||
| BMI at 18 years of age, mean (sd) | 20.4 (2.4) | 21.0 (2.3) | 22.5 (3.1) | <0.01 | 20.3 (2.3) | 21.0 (2.3) | 22.5 (3.2) | <0.01 | ||
| Physical activity, mean mets-h/week (sd) | 19.9 (17.8) | 16.1 (14.6) | 14.4 (12.8) | 0.01 | 20.7 (18.2) | 16.2 (13.4) | 14.7 (13.0) | <0.01 | ||
| Alcohol intake, mean g/day (sd) | 8.3 (11.1) | 6.5 (9.2) | 4.6 (8.9) | <0.01 | 8.2 (11.1) | 6.7 (9.3) | 4.5 (8.0) | <0.01 | ||
| Recent hormone therapy use, n (%) | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Yes | 141 (64.1) | 78 (52.7) | 47 (42.7) | 116 (65.9) | 61 (52.1) | 34 (43.0) | ||||
| No | 77 (35.0) | 67 (45.3) | 57 (51.8) | 58 (33.0) | 53 (45.3) | 42 (53.2) | ||||
| Unknown | 2 (0.9) | 3 (2.0) | 6 (5.5) | 2 (1.1) | 3 (2.6) | 3 (3.8) | ||||
| Tumor Characteristics | ||||||||||
| Tumor Size, n (%) | ||||||||||
| ≤2cm | 161 (75.2) | 112 (78.3) | 76 (71.0) | 0.24 | - | - | - | |||
| >2 to ≤4 cm | 36 (16.8) | 27 (18.9) | 24 (22.4) | - | - | - | ||||
| >4cm | 17 (7.9) | 4 (2.8) | 7 (6.5) | - | - | - | ||||
| Tumor Grade, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Well differentiated | 69 (32.7) | 32 (23.0) | 22 (20.4) | 0.10 | - | - | - | |||
| Moderately differentiated | 107 (50.7) | 78 (56.1) | 60 (55.6) | - | - | - | ||||
| Poorly differentiated | 35 (16.6) | 29 (20.9) | 26 (24.1) | - | - | - | ||||
| Lymph Node Status, n (%) | ||||||||||
| No nodes involved | 154 (75.1) | 101 (73.2) | 72 (70.6) | 0.78 | - | - | - | |||
| 1–3 nodes | 35 (17.1) | 25 (18.1) | 20 (19.6) | - | - | - | ||||
| 4–9 nodes | 12 (5.9) | 7 (5.1) | 6 (5.9) | - | - | - | ||||
| 10+ nodes | 2 (1.0) | 5 (3.6) | 3 (2.9) | - | - | - | ||||
| Metastasis at diagnosis | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | - | - | - | ||||
| Stage | 0.52 | |||||||||
| I | 141 (64.1) | 96 (64.9) | 61 (55.5) | - | - | - | ||||
| II | 61 (27.7) | 37 (25.0) | 37 (33.6) | - | - | - | ||||
| III | 16 (7.3) | 15 (10.1) | 11 (10.0) | - | - | - | ||||
| IV | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | - | - | - | ||||
| Estrogen Receptor*, n (%) | 0.15 | |||||||||
| Positive | 170 (78.0) | 125 (85.0) | 83 (76.1) | - | - | - | ||||
| Negative | 48 (22.0) | 22 (15.0) | 26 (23.9) | - | - | - | ||||
| Progesterone | 0.26 | |||||||||
| Receptor*, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Positive | 166 (76.1) | 121 (82.9) | 83 (76.1) | - | - | - | ||||
| Negative | 52 (23.9) | 25 (17.1) | 26 (23.9) | - | - | - | ||||
| HER2*, n (%) | 0.22 | |||||||||
| Positive | 60 (30.9) | 54 (40.0) | 37 (37.0) | - | - | - | ||||
| Negative | 134 (69.1) | 81 (60.0) | 63 (63.0) | - | - | - | ||||
*
Immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 were centrally reviewed using tissue microarrays. If missing, data were extracted from medical records.