Table 2.
Overview of clusters and cluster statements that correspond with the concept map
| Cluster | Statement name (number) |
|---|---|
| 1. What reality should be: expectation of support | |
| Social standards (going to college, marriage, buying a home) (23) | |
| Having open family talks (24) | |
| Positive influence by friends/peers (30) | |
| Feelings of hope (31) | |
| Positive support from parents/parents teaching right from wrong (32) | |
| Positive family influence (44) | |
| Positive family activities in the community (e.g., community cookouts) (49) | |
| People support one another (69) | |
| 2. Positive environment | |
| Community centers for youth (1) | |
| Having access to activities that relieve stress (e.g., boxing and other sports, restaurants, etc.) (3) | |
| A shortage of programs that teach about healthy relationships (5) | |
| Having community resources (e.g., YO! Baltimore, safe streets, living classroom) (8) | |
| Community teaches lack of respect for self and other gender (13) | |
| Blocks getting news houses (19) | |
| What one experiences in the Baltimore County environment (e.g., Towson) (22) | |
| Having neighborhood stores (26) | |
| Positive mentors for youth (27) | |
| Some cops are good (67) | |
| 3. Lack of judgment | |
| Reality T.V. (10) | |
| Religious beliefs (25) | |
| Perceived racism (38) | |
| Partners have different opinions about issues in the community (39) | |
| Lack of positive parent role models (46) | |
| Porn (60) | |
| Social media (e.g., Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram) (65) | |
| Idolizing/looking up to lifestyles or images presented in the media (74) | |
| 4. Life in Baltimore | |
| Neighborhood has abandoned houses and dirty streets (4) | |
| Lack of access to mental health, medical care, or counseling (7) | |
| A lot of drugs/alcohol available in the community (20) | |
| Jealous people in my community (21) | |
| Bad school system (33) | |
| Unsafe neighborhoods (43) | |
| A lot of killings/violence in my community (47) | |
| A lot of guns are available (52) | |
| Kids don’t have anything to do (53) | |
| lack of job opportunities (57) | |
| People are used to seeing violence in the community (71) | |
| Beefing between Black brothers (men) (76) | |
| What one experiences in the Baltimore City environment (77) | |
| Lack of community resources (e.g., re-entry programs, schools, community centers) (78) | |
| 5. Struggle: failure within the system | |
| Lack of money for food, children’s needs, etc. (6) | |
| Incarceration of male figures (15) | |
| Hustling to get money (17) | |
| Lack of access to a lawyer of choice (29) | |
| Strict sentencing in Maryland (36) | |
| Lack of trust in police (40) | |
| The negative effects of lead poisoning (41) | |
| Abuse or fear of abuse from police officers (42) | |
| Reputation of aggression in Baltimore (59) | |
| Anger/tension experienced by community members and police from current issues in community (64) | |
| Police do what they want (i.e., illegal stopping and searching) (68) | |
| Dealing drugs (75) | |
| 6. Issues with relationships | |
| Trust issues in intimate relationships (12) | |
| Being labeled as an abuser (16) | |
| One partner makes more money than the other (34) | |
| Negative family influence that causes conflict (35) | |
| Feeling powerless or voiceless (45) | |
| Differences in sexual expectations between partners (48) | |
| Cheating on partner (62) | |
| Acceptance of intimate partner violence (66) | |
| Inability to provide for family (72) | |
| 7. No hope for the future | |
| Not having a father figure (2) | |
| Having no plan for the future/no vision (9) | |
| Feeling frustrated from life experiences (anger) (11) | |
| Not having a family (14) | |
| No knowledge of how to treat an intimate partner (18) | |
| Lack of outlets or ways to cope with issues (28) | |
| Not experiencing love as a child (37) | |
| One or both partners use drugs (50) | |
| Negative childhood experiences (51) | |
| Fear of stopping violence (54) | |
| Major stress (e.g., physical, mental, emotional stress) (55) | |
| Seeing domestic violence during childhood (56) | |
| Feeling like everyone is out to get you (58) | |
| Most people want to be a hood star (61) | |
| Negative influence by friends/peers that causes conflict (63) | |
| Music makes bad things sound acceptable (e.g., disrespect of women, killing) (70) | |
| Not caring for self or others (73) |