Table 3.
Healthcare seeking for children with ARI, fever, and diarrhea for urban and rural areas and rate differences between urban and rural levels
| Child health service utilization indicators | Geographical area | DHS and MICS reports | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDHS 1992 | MDHS 2000 | MDHS 2004 | MICS 2006 | MDHS 2010 | MICS 2014 | MDHS 2015/2016 | ||
| ARI treatment (%) | Urban | 54.8 | 48.3 | 22.6 | 74.5 | 67 | 32.6 | 83.5 |
| Rural | 48.2 | 24.9 | 19.3 | 47.8 | 70.8 | 18.9 | 77 | |
| RD | 6.6 | 23.4 | 3.3 | 26.7 | − 3.8 | 13.7 | 6.5 | |
| Diarrhea treatment (%) | Urban | 49.3 | 34.9 | 38.7 | NA | 55.2 | 60.5 | 59.6 |
| Rural | 45 | 27.6 | 36.2 | NA | 63.3 | 67.9 | 67 | |
| RD | 4.3 | 7.3 | 2.5 | NA | − 8.1 | − 7.4 | − 7.4 | |
| Fever treatment (%) | Urban | 54.5 | 45.8 | 42.6 | 20.2 | 42.6 | 65.8 | 59.1 |
| Rural | 45.2 | 34 | 28.9 | 27.3 | 43.5 | 75.7 | 67.7 | |
| RD | 9.3 | 11.8 | 13.7 | − 7.1 | − 0.9 | − 9.9 | − 8.6 | |
| Children fully immunized at 12 months (%) | Urban | 87.2 | 78.6 | 70.7 | 76.8 | 75.8 | 54.6 | 12.2 |
| Rural | 81.1 | 68.7 | 63.5 | 69.3 | 81.8 | 54 | 10 | |
| RD | 6.1 | 9.9 | 7.2 | 7.5 | − 6 | 0.6 | 2.2 | |
| Use of insecticide-treated nets (%) | Urban | 19 | 30.2 | 42.3 | 85.9 | 72.8 | 52.4 | |
| Rural | 5 | 12.4 | 21.6 | 71 | 67.9 | 41.3 | ||
| RD | 14 | 17.8 | 20.7 | 14.9 | 4.9 | 11.1 | ||
Rate differences were calculated by subtracting rural values from urban values. This arrangement reflected the expected direction of health advantage. For the MICS 2006, diarrhea treatment was classified differently (ORT and fluids) which was not directly comparable with other surveys thus indicated NA (not applicable)
RD rate difference