Table 2.
Individual and network correlates of having at least one network member with a history of an overdose, N = 463
| ALL (N = 463) | Had at least one first-degree network member who has ever overdosed (N = 265) | Did not have any first-degree network members who have ever overdosed (N = 198) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Network measures | ||||
| In-degree, median (IQR) | 1 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | < .0001 |
| Out-degree, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | < .0001 |
| Betweenness centrality, median (IQR) | 9 (0–194.5) | 50 (0–310) | 0 (0–48) | 0.0001 |
| Spatial measures | ||||
| Miles to town center, median (IQR) | 3.54 (0.65–7.58)1 | 2.50 (0.53–6.14)2 | 5.53 (1.94–8.89)3 | 0.0039 |
| Log (miles to town center), median (IQR) | 1.26 (−0.43–2.03)1 | 0.92 (−0.62–1.82)2 | 1.71 (0.66–2.18)3 | < .0001 |
| Individual-level demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, median (IQR) | 31 (26–38) | 31 (26–38) | 31 (25–37) | 0.2072 |
| Years living in Eastern Kentucky, median (IQR) | 29 (23–35) | 29 (23–34) | 28 (22–35) | 0.5672 |
| Months of education completed, median (IQR) | 144 (120–144) | 144 (120–144) | 144 (130–144) | 0.0062 |
| Amount of money received from employment (net income) in past 30 days, median (IQR) | 0 (0–400) | 0 (0–400) | 0 (0–300) | 0.180 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.238 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White, n (%) | 435 (93.95) | 248 (93.58) | 187 (94.44) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black, n (%) | 18 (3.89) | 13 (4.91) | 5 (2.53) | |
| Other, n (%) | 10 (2.16) | 4 (1.51) | 6 (3.03) | |
| Male, n (%) | 260 (56.16) | 157 (59.25) | 103 (52.02) | 0.121 |
| Transportation access, n (%) | 167 (36.07) | 73 (27.55) | 94 (47.47) | < .0001 |
| Individual-level risk behaviors | ||||
| Ever overdosed, n (%) | 131 (28.29) | 79 (29.81) | 52 (26.26) | 0.402 |
| Any opiate use (past 6 months), n (%) | 462 (99.78) | 265 (100) | 197 (99.49) | 0.247 |
| Ever enrolled in drug treatment, n (%) | 258 (55.72) | 148 (55.85) | 110 (55.56) | 0.950 |
| Ever enrolled in drug detox, n (%) | 164 (35.42) | 102 (38.49) | 62 (31.31) | 0.110 |
| Ever enrolled in alcohol detox, n (%) | 40 (8.64) | 32 (12.08) | 8 (4.04) | 0.002 |
| Ever arrested, n (%) | 405 (87.47) | 240 (90.57) | 165 (83.33) | 0.020 |
1N = 452
2N = 217
3N = 235