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. 2019 Feb 26;9:2762. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39324-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Scanning electron micrographs of S. epidermidis biofilm (5 days) formed on the surface of untreated TPU (a–c) and TPU composites with 5 wt% (d–f) and 50 wt% (g–i) of glass content. a, d and g panels, show the colonization of polymer surfaces by biofilms (magnification x20). The multilayer biofilm formed on untreated TPU is shown in the panel b (magnification x2.500) and c (magnification x10.000). Water channels and mucoid material appendages implicated in intercellular connection are observed. e and h panels (magnification x 2.500) and f and i panels (magnification x10.000) show the effect of the ZnO content in composites in biofilm architecture and cellular viability.