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. 2019 Feb 26;9:2814. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39116-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Simplified models for direct and indirect effects of H89 on phosphoproteome. (a) A direct effect of H89 inhibiting a kinase will result in an observed decrease in phosphorylation. (b) Alternatively, H89 can have indirect effects mediated via cascades of kinases and/or phosphatases. The affected phosphosites can be either increased or decreased, depending on downstream kinases and/or phosphatases. Plus sign indicates that phosphorylation activates the downstream kinase; minus sign indicates that phosphorylation inhibits the downstream kinase.