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. 2019 Feb 26;9:2760. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39406-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Phylogeography of the CHIKV ECSA genotype. (a) Temporal signal analysis correlating the sampling date of each sequence and its genetic distance from the root of a maximum likelihood phylogeny (R² = 0.97). (b) Time-scaled Bayesian phylogeographic MCC tree of the CHIKV ECSA genotype full-length genomes. The colors of branches represent the most probable location of their descendent nodes as indicated at the legend (bottom right). Branch support are indicated only at key nodes (posterior/posterior state probability). The nodes representing the ECSA introduction in Brazil (red dot) and Rio de Janeiro (green dot) are indicated. All horizontal branch lengths are drawn to a scale of years. Tips names were coded as accession number_country_date. (AL: Alagoas state, BA: Bahia state, PA: Paraiba state, PE: Pernambuco state, RJ: Rio de Janeiro state, SE: Sergipe state; CAR: Central African Republic; DRC: Democratic Republic of Congo; USA: United States of America).