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. 2019 Feb 26;9:2827. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39494-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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BCAS accelerated Aβ plaque growth in APP/PS1 mice. (a) Schema of the BCAS method. Microcoil was introduced into the common carotid artery, avoiding the vagal nerve. (b) Temporal profiles of cerebral blood flow in sham- and BCAS-operated mice. (c,e) Immunohistochemical detection of Aβ in the brain of sham- and BCAS-operated mice. Mice were sacrificed at week 5, 15 or 30 after the surgery. Representative immunohistochemical images are shown from a total of n = 4 mice. Insets are magnified view of Aβ plaques. Bar = 1 mm. (d) Quantification of panels (c). Total Aβ plaque area and individual Aβ plaque area are measured. Mean ± SD. n = 4 per group. (e) Fluorescent images of Thioflavin-S staining visualization of the Aβ-plaque core. Representative immunohistochemical images are shown from a total of n = 5 (week 5 and 15) or 6 (week 30) mice. (f) Quantification of panels (e), showing the number of Aβ plaques. Mean ± SD. n = 5 (week 5 and 15) or 6 (week 30) per group. Statistical significance was determined using Two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Sidak method.