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. 2019 Feb 26;9:2742. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39426-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Junctional zone morphology is altered in CA-Hif-1α placentas at E14.5 and birth. Tpbpa, a marker of spongiotrophoblast and glycogen trophoblast was detectable in both GFP (a,c) and CA-Hif-1α (b,d) placentas and identified the junctional zone at both E14.5 (a,b) and birth (c,d). At E14.5, the junctional zone in CA-Hif-1α placentas appeared smaller and more compact than in GFP controls (brackets). While the GFP controls undergo a typical decrease in junctional zone size at birth (c), the CA-Hif-1α placentas did not exhibit the same rate of JZ reduction (d). Aldh1a3 identified glycogen trophoblasts (arrowheads) in the junctional zone of GFP (e,g) and CA-Hif-1α (f,h) placentas at E14.5 (e,f) and birth (g,h). At high magnification, it was evident that at E14.5 in CA-Hif-1α placentas (f), glycogen trophoblasts appeared smaller in size compared to GFP controls (e), with an increased density of nuclei. By birth, glycogen trophoblasts were mostly absent from the junctional zone of GFP control placentas (g); however, they were still present in CA-Hif-1α placentas (h). Scale bar = 500 μm in (a,b,c,d) and = 100 μm in (e,f,g,h).