Table 1.
Patient’s demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Parameters | Mean ± SD or N (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 33.98 ± 14.05 |
| Sex | |
| Male | 30 (27.0) |
| Female | 81 (73.0) |
| Causes of nonmalignant central airway stenosis | |
| Unknown cause | 4 (3.6) |
| Endobronchial tuberculosis | 76 (68.5) |
| Endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy | 23 (20.7) |
| Lung transplantation or sleeve resection | 2 (1.8) |
| Trauma | 1 (0.9) |
| Aspiration injury | 1 (0.9) |
| Foreign body | 3 (2.7) |
| Relapsing polychondritis | 1 (0.9) |
| Stenosis location | |
| Lower glottis and upper airway | 19 (17.1) |
| Middle airway | 18 (16.2) |
| Lower airway and carina | 1 (0.9) |
| Left main bronchus | 46 (41.4) |
| Right main bronchus | 16 (14.4) |
| Right middle lobe bronchus | 10 (9.0) |
| Lower airway, carina and both primary bronchi | 1 (0.9) |
| Nonmalignant airway stenosis type | |
| Proliferation of granulation tissue | 9 (8.7) |
| Hyperplastic scar | 90 (86.5) |
| Foreign body granuloma | 3 (2.9) |
| Dynamic | 2 (1.9) |
| The degree of stenosis | |
| Code 2 (50% decrease in cross-sectional area) | 1 (0.9) |
| Code 3 (75% decrease) | 36 (32.4) |
| Code 4 (90% decrease) | 74 (66.7) |
| Stenosis diameter, mm | 4.16 ± 1.94 |
| Stenosis length, cm | 1.40 ± 0.98 |
| Stenosis length level | |
| <1 cm | 57 (52.3) |
| ⩾1 cm and <3 cm | 37 (33.9) |
| ⩾3 cm | 15 (13.8) |
SD, standard deviation.