Table 2.

Poisson regression^* analyses to compare prevalence ratios (PR) of major cardiovascular risk factors between dietary patterns among non-Hispanic white participants in the Adventist Health Study-2 at baseline

(Prevalence ratios and 95 % confidence intervals)

	Vegan (reference non-vegetarian)			Lacto-ovo-vegetarian (reference non-vegetarian)			Pesco-vegetarian (reference non-vegetarian)
	n	PR	95 % CI	n	PR	95 % CI	n	PR	95 % CI
Not adjusted for BMI
Hypertension†‡	54	0·46	0·25, 0·83	288	0·57	0·45, 0·73	67	0·62	0·42, 0·91
Systolic hypertension†‡	54	0·48	0·26, 0·87	288	0·58	0·45, 0·75	67	0·62	0·41, 0·93
Diastolic hypertension§	54	0·47	0·27, 0·83	288	0·60	0·46, 0·78	67	0·43	0·26, 0·72
Diabetes‖	53	–	–	261	0·62	0·29, 1·34	62	0·48	0·10, 2·27
High total cholesterol¶	53	0·77	0·55, 1·07	272	0·72	0·59, 0·88	63	0·87	0·66, 1·16
High LDL-cholesterol¶	52	0·77	0·54, 1·12	269	0·72	0·58, 0·89	63	0·74	0·53, 1·05
Low HDL-cholesterol¶	54	1·14	0·85, 1·54	288	1·22	1·03, 1·46	67	1·06	0·80, 1·41
High TAG¶	52	0·66	0·42, 1·05	268	0·89	0·71, 1·13	62	0·80	0·54, 1·19
Obesity**	54	0·31	0·13, 0·74	288	0·37	0·26, 0·55	67	0·34	0·17, 0·70
Obesity, females**	37	0·39	0·15, 1·04	176	0·48	0·32, 0·74	39	0·33	0·13, 0·83
Obesity, males**	17	0·18	0·03, 1·31	112	0·22	0·09, 0·50	28	0·36	0·12, 1·06
Abdominal adiposity§**	54	0·39	0·23, 0·67	288	0·55	0·44, 0·69	67	0·71	0·51, 0·99
Abdominal adiposity, females§**	37	0·42	0·23, 0·75	176	0·57	0·45, 0·74	39	0·67	0·45, 0·99
Abdominal adiposity, males**	17	0·32	0·09, 1·17	112	0·53	0·33, 0·85	28	0·83	0·45, 1·51
Adjusted for BMI
Hypertension†	54	0·58	0·31, 1·06	288	0·66	0·52, 0·85	67	0·69	0·47, 1·02
Systolic hypertension†‡	54	0·59	0·32, 1·09	288	0·67	0·52, 0·87	67	0·68	0·45, 1·03
Diastolic hypertension§	54	0·62	0·35, 1·10	288	0·72	0·55, 0·95	67	0·49	0·30, 0·79
Diabetes‖	53	–	–	261	0·92	0·42, 2·00	62	0·61	0·13, 2·91
High total cholesterol¶	53	0·81	0·58, 1·14	272	0·75	0·62, 0·92	63	0·90	0·68, 1·20
High LDL-cholesterol¶	52	0·85	0·58, 1·24	269	0·76	0·61, 0·95	63	0·78	0·55, 1·10
Low HDL-cholesterol¶	54	1·30	0·96, 1·75	288	1·33	1·12, 1·59	67	1·13	0·85, 1·49
High TAG¶	52	0·81	0·51, 1·29	268	1·02	0·81, 1·29	62	0·88	0·59, 1·33

^*A separate Poisson regression model was run for each risk factor, in each case adjusted for age, sex (as appropriate), education, marital status, physical activity (min/week), history of ever smoking, history of ever drinking alcohol, sub-study indicator and BMI as indicated.

^†Hypertension is systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or taking medications for high blood pressure.

^‡PR computed at the mean age of 61·9 years.

^§PR for vegetarian v. non-vegetarian computed at the mean age of 61·9 years.

^‖Diabetes is fasting blood sugar ≥7 mmol/l (or 126 mg/dl) or taking glucose-lowering medications.

^¶High total cholesterol is ≥5·17 mmol/l (or 200 mg/dl) and high LDL-cholesterol is ≥3·36 mmol/l (or 130 mg/dl) or taking cholesterol-lowering medications in either case; low HDL-cholesterol is <1·03 mmol/l (or 40 mg/dl) (males) or <1·29 mmol/l (or 50 mg/dl) (females); high TAG is >1·69 mmol/l (or 150 mg/dl) or taking statin-like medications.

^**Obesity is BMI ≥30·0 kg/m²; abdominal adiposity is waist circumference >88 cm in females and >102 cm in males.