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. 2019 Feb 20;10:273. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00273

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Copyright © 2019 Quigley, Coakley, Alemayehu, Rea, Casey, O’Sullivan, Murphy, Kiely, Cotter, Hill and Ross.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of probiotic lactobacilli on the survival of Clostridium difficile in co-culture. Black bars () show the cell numbers of C. difficile at 0 and 24 h in the absence of Lactobacillus strains. Bars with dashed lines () show the cell numbers of (A) C. difficile EM304 following 24 h co-culture with L. gasseri APC 678, L. paracasei APC 1483, L. rhamnosus DPC 6111, L. gasseri DPC 6112 or L. gasseri ATCC 33323 and (B) C. difficile VPI 10463 following 24 h co-culture with L. gasseri APC 678, L. rhamnosus DPC 6111 or L. gasseri ATCC 33323. The horizontal dashed line (---) indicates the final count of C. difficile at 24 h in the absence of the Lactobacillus strains. The average and standard error of the mean (SEM) of three independent repetitions are represented.

Inline graphic — Effect of probiotic lactobacilli on the survival of Clostridium difficile in co-culture. Black bars () show the cell numbers of C. difficile at 0 and 24 h in the absence of Lactobacillus strains. Bars with dashed lines () show the cell numbers of (A) C. difficile EM304 following 24 h co-culture with L. gasseri APC 678, L. paracasei APC 1483, L. rhamnosus DPC 6111, L. gasseri DPC 6112 or L. gasseri ATCC 33323 and (B) C. difficile VPI 10463 following 24 h co-culture with L. gasseri APC 678, L. rhamnosus DPC 6111 or L. gasseri ATCC 33323. The horizontal dashed line (---) indicates the final count of C. difficile at 24 h in the absence of the Lactobacillus strains. The average and standard error of the mean (SEM) of three independent repetitions are represented.