Table 1.
Couples (mothers and fathers) population: summary of sociodemographic and pregnancy-related characteristics at the baseline.
| Characteristics | Intervention (n=118) | Control (n=118) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD; min, max) | |||
|
|
Couples | 31.3 (4.6; 22, 51) | 32.6 (5.0; 24, 51) |
|
|
Fathers | 32.1 (4.6; 25, 51) | 33.9 (5.1; 26, 51) |
|
|
Mothers | 30.4 (4.4; 22, 42) | 31.4 (4.6; 24, 45) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
|
|
Chinese | 54 (45.8) | 55 (46.6) |
|
|
Malay | 28 (23.7) | 32 (27.1) |
|
|
Indian | 22 (18.6) | 17 (14.4) |
|
|
Others | 14 (11.9) | 14 (11.9) |
| Marriage length (years), mean (SD; min, max) | 3.1 (2.5; 1, 10) | 4.0 (2.8; 1, 10) | |
| Educational level, n (%) | |||
|
|
Primary/secondary school | 7 (5.9) | 1 (0.9) |
|
|
Diploma/polytechnic | 28 (23.7) | 26 (22.2) |
|
|
University graduates | 83 (70.3) | 90 (76.3) |
| Employed participants, n (%) | 106 (89.8) | 110 (93.2) | |
| Monthly household income, n (%) | |||
|
|
<SGD $3000 | 18 (15.3) | 12 (10.2) |
|
|
SGD $3000-$5000 | 36 (30.5) | 30 (25.4) |
|
|
>SGD $5000 | 62 (52.5) | 76 (64.4) |
| Planned pregnancy, n (%) | 80 (67.8) | 80 (67.8) | |
| Attended antenatal class, n (%) | 40 (33.9) | 31 (26.3) | |
| Mode of delivery, n (%) | |||
|
|
Normal vaginal delivery/water birth | 72 (61.0) | 76 (64.4) |
|
|
Instrumental delivery | 8 (6.8) | 4 (3.4) |
|
|
Cesarean section | 32 (27.1) | 32 (27.1) |
| Female babies, n (%) | 48 (40.7) | 48 (40.7) | |
| Birth order, n (%) | |||
|
|
First | 84 (71.2) | 74 (62.7) |
|
|
Second | 22 (18.6) | 36 (30.5) |
|
|
Third and above | 10 (8.5) | 4 (3.4) |
| Paternal/maternal leave, n (%) | |||
|
|
No leave | 3 (2.5) | 2 (1.7) |
|
|
≤12 weeks | 69 (58.5) | 61 (51.7) |
|
|
>12 weeks | 30 (25.4) | 40 (33.9) |
| Confinement period, n (%) | 98 (83.1) | 94 (79.7) | |
| Mode of feeding, n (%) | |||
|
|
Breastfeeding | 74 (62.7) | 70 (59.3) |
|
|
Formula feeding | 2 (1.7) | 4 (3.4) |
|
|
Breastfeeding and formula feeding | 34 (28.8) | 42 (35.6) |